Download middle nasal meatus

respiratory system
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
Liu Zhi
Mark Line of
Anterior Sternal
Portion
anterior median line
sternal line
midclavicular line
parasternal line
posterior median line
scapular line
Anterior axillary
line
midaxillary line
posterior axillary
line
Composition of respiratory system
Respiratory tract
lung
：place of gas change
Upper Respiratory tract
nose
pharynx
Larynx
lower Respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchi
一、
nose
Bones of the nose
Roof – ethmoid & sphenoid
Floor – maxillary & palatine
Lateral wall – ethmoid, inferior
nasal concha, maxilla &
palatine
Medial wall – Nasal septum
1、external nose
一、 nose
nasal root
nasal dorsum
nasal apex
nasal ala
nasolabial sulcus
2、 nasal cavity
May be divided into
nasal vestibule
proper nasal cavity
nasal limen
nasal septum :
Formation:
perpendicular plate of
ethmoid bone
vomer
septal cartilage
Olfactory region
respiratory region
nasal septum :
---- Little:
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
Superior nasal concha,
middle nasal concha
inferior nasal concha
supreme nasal concha
Superior nasal meatus,
middle nasal meatus
inferior nasal meatus
sphenoethmoidal recess
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
In the middle nasal meatus
semilunar hiatus
ethmoidal infundibule
ethmoidal bulb
inferior nasal meatus
nasaolacrimal canal
3、paranasal
sinuses
maxillary sinus
middle nasal meatus (semilunar
hiatus )
frontal sinus
middle nasal meatus
(ethmoidal infundibule )
ethmoidal sinus
anterior and middle group
middle nasal meatus
posterior goup
superior nasal meatus
sphenoidal sinus
sphenoethmoidal recess
二、 pharynx
posioton：
lies in front of 1st ～
6th cervical vertebra,
extends from the base of
the cranium to the inferior
border of the sixth
cervical vertebra to
become the esophagus.
division：
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
（一）laryngeal cartilage
1. thyroid cartilage
anterior horn
laryngeal prominence
superior notch
superior cornu
inferior cornu
三、Larynx
（一）laryngeal cartilage
2. cricoid cartilage
arch of cricoid cartilage
lamina of cricoid cartilage
三、Larynx
3. epiglottic cartilage
4.Arytenoid cartilage
vocal process
muscular process
二、The joint of larynx
1. cricoarytenoid joint
2. cricothyroid joint
二、
The joint of larynx
elastic cone
3.conus elasticus
Vocal ligament
Median cricothyroid
ligament
vocal lig
cricoid
cartilage
quadrangular membra
vestibular lig.
三、Laryngeal Muscle
Increase or decrease the tension of the
. vocal cords ，
Open or close the glottis 。
arytenoid
Cricothyroid
Post. cricoarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
thyroarytenoid
四、Laryngeal Cavity
mucous membrane
Two
pairs folds :

Vestibular folds

Vocal folds
Two
fissures

Rima vestibulithe

Fissure of glottis
四、Laryngeal Cavity

Fissure of glottis
intermembranous
part
between vocal-folds, anterior
3/5.
intercartilagrnous
part
between arytenoid cartilages,
posterior 2/5.
vocal cord
division：
laryngeal vestibule
intermedial cavity of larynx
ventricle of
larynx
infraglottic
cavity
Aperture of larynx
Superior border of
epiglotis
Aryepiglottic fold
Interarytenoid notch
Trachea and bronchi
Trachea ：
consists of 14-17 Cshaped tracheal cartilage
rings.
Bifurcation
of trachea
Membrane wall :
smooth m. and the
connective tissue.
bifurcation of trachea
carina of trachea
subcarinal angle
subcarinal angle
Bronchi
 Left principal bronchus
•Narrower, longer, and more
horizontal than the right,
about 5cm long
subcarinal angle
 Right principal
bronchus
• Shorter, wider, and more
vertical than the left ,
about 2cm long,
35～36o
22～25o
Bronchi 支气管
Foreign body is
therefore more
likely to lodge in the
right bronchus
Lung
apex,
base,
Surfaces: two
Borders: three
• Apex
– Deep to clavicle to
reach the root of
the neck
• Base
– On diaphragm
Lung
two Surfaces:
Costal surface
Mediastinal surface
-Medial surface
Hilum of lung
Root of
Lung
Principal bronchus, Pulmonary
artery and vein, Nerves and
lymphatics enter or leave the lung
through the hilum of lung, which are
surrounded by connective tissue to
form the root of lung.
pulmonary
artery
bronchia
pulmonary
vein
Lung
Three border:
Anterior border
Cardiac notch of left
lung
Lingula of left lung
Inferior border
Posterior border
Anterior
border
Inferior border
Lobes:
Left lung:
oblique fissure
superior lobe
inferior lobe
Right lung:
horizontal
fissure
Superior lobe
Superior lobe
oblique fissure
horizontal fissure of right
lung
Superior lobe
Middle
lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe
Inferior lobe
Inferior lobe
bronchial tree
Trachea
right and left principal
bronchus
lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi
Bronchopulmonary
A segment bronchus
supplies a part of the lung
which is called the
pulmonary
segmentsRight lung：10
segments
Left lung：8 segments
第五节 Pleura
Visceral Pleura :
costal pleura
diaphragmatic pleura
mediastinal pleura
Parietal Pleura
cupula of pleura
pleural cavity
Two pleural layers continue with each
other at root of lung to form a closed
potential space－pleural cavity.
壁胸膜
胸膜腔
Pleura recesses ：
Costodiaphragmatic
recess
Costomediastinal
recess
Phrenicomediastinal
recess
Costodiaphragmatic
recess
The surface projection of lower border of
lung and pleurae
Lower
border
Midclavicular Midaxillary Sides of the
lines
lines
vertebral
column
Lungs
6th rib
8th rib
10th rib
Pleura
8th rib
10th rib
12th rib
mediastinum
superior mediastinum
inferior mediastinum
anterior mediastinum
middle mediastinum
posterior mediastinum
right side of mediastinum
left side of mediastinum
Median cricothyroid
ligament
cricothyroid
joint
cricoarytenoid
joint