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Movementsof the
Shoulder
Forearm-2
Hand
Movement of
Scapula
Muscles Producing
Movementa
Nerve to Muscles
Elevation
Trapezius, descending part
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Gravity
Pectoralis major, inferior
sternocostal head
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius, ascending part
Serratus anterior, inferior part
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Trapezius, middle part
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius, descending part
Trapezius, ascending part
Serratus anterior, inferior part
Spinal accessory (CN XI)
Dorsal scapular
Gravity
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major, inferior
sternocostal head
Dorsal scapular
Thoracodorsal
Medial pectoral
Pectoral nerves
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Upward rotationa
Downward
rotationb
Range of Movement
(Angular
Rotation; Linear
Displacement)
10-12 cm
Pectoral nerves
Thoracodorsal
Spinal accessory (CN XI)
Long thoracic
Medial pectoral
Long thoracic
Pectoral nerves
Medial pectoral
Spinal accessory (CN XI)
Dorsal scapular
Thoracodorsal
Spinal accessory (CN XI)
Long thoracic
40-45°; 15 cm
60°; inferior angle: 10-12
cm, superior angle: 5-6 cm
Principal muscles acting on the shoulder joint
Abductors
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Adductors
Pectoralis major
Lattisimus dorsi
Extensors
Teres major
Lattisimus dorsi
Deltoid (posterior fibres)
Flexors
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid (anterior fibres)
Medial rotators
Pectoralis major
Lattisimus dorsi
Teres major
Deltoid (anterior fibres)
Subscapularis
Lateral rotators
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Deltoid (posterior fibres)
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Nerve
Deltoid
Lateral third of clavicle;
acromion and spine of
scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Axillary nerve
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Subscapularis
Function
Clavicular (anterior)
part: flexes and
medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle)
part: abducts arm
Spinal (posterior)
part: extends and
laterally rotates arm
Supraspinous fossa of
Superior facet of greater
Suprascapular nerve Initiates and assists
deltoid in abduction
scapula
tubercle of humerus
of arm and acts with
rotator cuff muscles
Infraspinous fossa of scapula Middle facet of greater
Suprascapular nerve Laterally rotates
arm; and acts with
tubercle of humerus
rotator cuff muscles
Middle part of lateral border Inferior facet of greater
Laterally rotates
Axillary nerve
arm; and acts with
of scapula
tubercle of humerus
rotator cuff muscles
Posterior surface of inferior Medial lip of intertubercular Inferior subscapular Adducts and
angle of scapula
sulcus of humerus
nerve
medially rotates arm
Subscapular fossa (most of Lesser tubercle of humerus Sup. & Inf.
Medially rotates
anterior surface of scapula)
subscapular nerves arm; as part of
rotator cuff, helps
hold head of
humerus in glenoid
cavity
1. flexor carpi radialis
2. flexor carpi ulnaris
3. palmaris longus
4. pronator teres
two heads
Ulnar head
Humeral head
Medial epicondyle
1. flexor carpi radialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Base of metacarpals II & III
2. flexor carpi ulnaris
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: Olecranon & Posterior border of ulna
•Pisiform & hamate
•5th metacarpal
3. palmaris longus
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor retinaculum &palmar aponeurosis
4. pronator teres
Humeral head: Medialepicondyle& adjacentsupraepicondylarridge
Ulnar head: Coronoid process
Lateral surface of radius
flexor digitorum superficialis
Humeroulnar head
• Medial epicondyle of humerus
• Adjacent margin of coronoid process
Radial head
Superior half of anterior border
Shafts of middle phalanges of
medial four digits
8
flexor
digitorum
profundus
flexor
pollicis
longus
•Proximal¾ of medial& anteriorsurfaces
of ulna
•Interosseousmembrane
• Anteriorsurfaceof radius
• Adjacentinterosseous
membrane
Bases of distal phalanges of 4th &5th digits
Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd &3rd digits
Base of distal
phalanx of thumb
pronator
quadratus
Distal ¼ of anterior
surface of ulna
Distal ¼ of
anterior surface
of radius
Flexion of forearm @ the elbow joint
Pronator teres
Flexion of hand @ the wrist joint
Flexor carpi radialis et ulnaris- Palmaris longus
Abduction (radial deviation) of hand @ the wrist joint
Flexor carpi radialis
Adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand @ the wrist joint
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronation of forearm
Pronator teres – Pronator quadratus
Palmaris brevis
Thenar muscles
Hypothenar muscles
Adductor pollicis
Lumbrical
Abductor
digiti
minimi
Flexor
digiti
minimi
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens
pollicis
Flexor pollicis
brevis
Interossei
11
Palmar interossei
adduct the thumb, index, ring,
and little fingers with respect
to a long axis through the
middle finger
Dorsal interossei
major abductors of the index,
middle, and ring fingers, at the
metacarpophalangeal joints
12
Lumbricals
flexing metacarpophalangeal joints
extending interphalangeal joints
medial two deep branch of the ulnar nerve
lateral two median nerve
13
All of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
by deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Except
three thenar & two lateral lumbrical muscles
by median nerve
14
Superficial
Deep
palmar arch
palmar arch
15
Ulnar nerve medial side of the palm, medial half of the dorsum of
the hand, the 5th finger, and the medial half of the 4th finger, anterior
surfaces of the medial one and a half digits,
Median nerve thumb,index,middle fingers,lateral side of the ring
[distal parts on the dorsum of the hand]
16
Radial nerve dorsolateral side