Download SALC07 Biological Sciences Head & Neck 1

LCSCO6 Biosciences for SLT
Head & Neck 1
Surface Anatomy & Bones
Marianne Bos-Clark MSc BA(Hons)
MRCSLT HPC
[email protected]
This session
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Surface anatomy head/neck
Bones of the skull, inclu mandible
Sinuses
Cranial fossa
Surface Head & Neck Anatomy
Surface Head & Neck Anatomy
Surface Head & Neck Anatomy
Refs images this section:
(http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/surface_anatomy.html)
(http://www.bartleby.com/107/279.html)
(http://anatomy.med.umich.edu.surface/head_neck)
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Upper eyelid
Lower eyelid
Upper lid
Lower lip
Sub-mental region
Hyoid region
Sub-hyoid region
Laryngeal region
Thyroid region
Supra-sternal region
Lateral neck region
Mandibular region
Mastoid region
Auricular region
Surface H&N Anatomy
Surface H&N Anatomy
Surface H&N Anatomy: neck triangles
Surface H&N Anatomy: neck triangles
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Posterior
Anterior
Muscular
Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
Surface H&N Anatomy: neck triangles
Surface H&N Anatomy: facial landmarks
Surface H&N Anatomy: anterior neck
Surface H&N Anatomy: anterior neck
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Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid bone
Thyroid gland
Surface H&N Anatomy: lymph nodes
Surface H&N Anatomy: sinuses
Surface H&N Anatomy: sinuses
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Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Surface H&N Anatomy: oral cavity
Surface H&N Anatomy: teeth
Surface H&N Anatomy: Eye
Surface H&N Anatomy: Ear
Spot Check
Spot Check
Spot Check
Spot check
Locate on each other:
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Upper eyelid
Lower eyelid
Upper lid
Lower lip
Sub-mental region
Hyoid region
Sub-hyoid region
Laryngeal region
Thyroid region
Supra-sternal region
Lateral neck region
Mandibular region
Mastoid region
Auricular region
Surface anatomy
Bones: Skull
Cranium (8 bones):
Single: frontal; occipital; sphenoid; ethmoid
Paired: parietal; temporal
Facial bones (14)
Single: mandible; vomer
Paired: inferior nasal conchae; nasal bones; lacrimal
bones; zygomatic bones; palatine bones; maxillae
(hyoid bone)
Ear: 3 small bones
Bones of the cranial skeleton
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Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
H&N: Skull & bones
Anterior view skull bones
Lateral view skull bones
Posterior view skull bones
Inferior view of skull bones
Lateral skull bones inclu. mandible
Bones of the face
Bones of the face:
• Mandible
• Maxillae
• Nasal bone
• Palatine bone and nasal conchae
• Vomer
• Zygomatic bone
• Hyoid bone
Mandible
Mandible
• Lower jaw and face
• Initially a paired bone which fuses at midline by childs
first birthday
Landmarks
• Symphysis mente or mental symphysis
• Mental foramen
• Corpus
• Angle
• Ramus
• Condyar and coronoid processes
• Alveolar arch
Mandible 2
The mandible 3
Maxillae 1
Paired bones of upper jaw
• Hard palate
• Nose
• Upper dental ridge
Landmarks:
• Fontal process
• Infraorbital margin
• Orbital process
• Infraorbital foramen
• Zygomatic process
• Anterior nasal spine
• Alveolar process
maxillae 2
inferior aspect
Landmarks:
• Palatine process
• Median palatine suture a.k.a. intermaxillary
suture
• Incisive foramen
Maxillae 3
Maxillae 4
Maxillae
Zygomatic process
Orbital surface
Bones of the face
Bones of the face:
• Mandible
• Maxillae
• Nasal bone
• Palatine bone and nasal conchae
• Vomer
• Zygomatic bone
• Hyoid bone
Nasal bones and vomer
Nasal bones and vomer
Nasal bone
Nasal bones 1
Small bones which make up the superior nasal
surface
Nasal bones 2
Vomer
Articulates with the:
• Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
• Cartilaginous septum
Forms the nasal septum
Nasal bones and vomer
Nasal bones and vomer
Nasal bone
Bones: nasal cavity
TMJ TemporoMandibular Joint
Zygomatic bone
• Prominent structures: cheek bones
Articulates with:
• Maxillae
• Frontal bone
• Temporal bone
Forms the cheek bone
Zygomatic bone
Lacrimal bone
Small bones almost completely hidden in the
intact skull
• Articulate with:
• maxillae
• frontal bone
• nasal bone
Bones & Fossae
Cranial Fossae
‘Fossae’= depressions
Cranial fossae
Bones: Palpation
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External occipital protuberance (jctn skin neck/head)
Superior nuchal line; median nuchal crest
Mastoid process
Zygomatic arch (front of ear)
Parietal & frontal eminences
Superciliary arches (frontal sinuses, F:small )
Glabella (triangular, smooth
Nasion/frontonasal suture (depression root nose)
Nasal bones vs cartilage
Orbital margin
Supraorbital notch (tubercule: lacrimal sac)
Zygomatic bone
Mandible (condyle; posterior border ramus; angle; symphysis; anterior
border ramus; alveolar process)
• Hyoid bone
(http://www.bartleby.com/107/279.html)
Spot check
Point to:
Mastoid process
Maxilla
Lacrimal bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
TMJ
Frontal sinus
Tragus/Antitragus
Laryngeal prominence
Paranasal sinuses
Sinuses
• Paranasal sinuses
Paired, bilateral , air-filled intra-bony cavities within
maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
Paranasal Sinuses
Paranasal
Sinuses
Air-filled spaces,
communicating with
nasal cavity within
the bones of the
skull and face
Function: debated
•Decrease skull
weight
•Increased vocal
resonance
•Protection
•Insulation