Download 1. dia - Semmelweis University

NASAL CAVITY
PARANASAL SINUSES
Dr. Andrea D Székely
THE COMPONENTS OF THE NOSE
AND ITS FUNCTIONS
„air conditioning”
Mucociliariy transport
Mucosal barrier
RESONATOR
Olfaction
EXTERNAL NOSE
Part of the viscerocranium – bony basis
pyramid - frontal, nasal bones and maxilla compose the walls
Opening: PIRIFORM APERTURE
Cartilagineous - membranous dorsum, apex and wings
NASUS INTERNUS – CAVUM NASI
2 symmetrical halves
Septum – separates them
septodorsal cartilage, perpendicular
plate of ethmoid, vomer
COMMON NASAL MEATUS
superior/middle/inferior nasal meatus
ENTRANCE - EXIT
PIRIFORM APERTURE
CHOANAE
N N
PFN
L
FS
PFN
SN CNM
V
FP
CNM
SNP
CNI
LHOP
SNA
PA
Li
PPM
FLOOR
PARTS:
- palatinal proc. of maxilla
- horizontal plate of palatine
OPENING:
- incisive canal
FEATURES:
- anterior nasal spine
- nasal crest
- posterior nasal spine
- transverse suture
- median suture
CI
CI
PP
CN
LHOP
ROOF
PARTS:
- nasal bone
- frontal (frontal sinus)
- horizontal plate of ethmoid.
- body of sphenoid
OPENING:
- cribriform lamina
- sphenoidal aperture
FEATURES:
- common nasal meatus
- sphenoethmoidal recess
MEDIAL WALL
Os frontale,
sinus frontalis
Os nasale
Sinus
sphenoidalis
Lamina perpendicularis
ossis ethmoidalis
Cartilago septi nasi
Vomer
Os palatinum
Processus palatinalis
maxillae
PARTS:
- vomer
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
OSSEOUS
NASAL
SEPTUM
LATERAL WALL 1
PARTS
1. Frontal process of maxilla
2. Hook of the lacrimal bone
3
1 2
d
5
4
c
a
3. Labirynthic lamina of ethmoid
a. superior nasal concha
b. suprema nasal concha
c. middle nasal concha
d. uncinate process
b
6
4. Inferior nasal concha
7
5. Body of maxilla; nasal surface
Meatus nasi superior
Meatus nasi
inferior
Meatus nasi medius
6. Perpendicular plate of palatine
7. Medial plate of the pterygoid proc.
LATERAL WALL 2
OPENING AND FEATURES
Meatus nasi superior
2
15
4
d
3
e
5
14
6
b
a
c
7
.
11
- maxillary sinus
13
10
9
5. inferior nasal concha
Meatus nasi inferior
8
14. Incisive canal
15. cribriform lamina
a., superior nasal concha
b., supreme nasal concha
2. celullae ethmoidales post.
c., middle nasal concha (cut)
d., uncinate process
e., ethmoidal bulla
3. semilunar hiatus
- ethmoidal infundibulum
(4. frontal sinus)
Meatus nasi medius
- ant./middle ethmoidal cells
12
1
1. Labyrinthic plate of ethmoid
Meatus nasi communis
6. nasolacrimal canal
7. perpendicular plate of palatine
8. orbital process
9. sphenoidal process
10. sphenopalatine foramen
11. sphenoidal sinus
12. sphenoidal aperture
13. sphenoethmoidal recess
piriform aperture and choanae
CONNECTIONS OF THE NASAL CAVITY
1) common nasal meatus
where to, where from ??
Lamina cribrosa
ill. foramina cribrosa
Apertura piriformis
anterior cranial fossa (scala anterior)
Canalis incisivus
"Y"-shaped canal
oral cavity
Sphenopalatine foramen
or pterygopalatine
pterygopalatine fossa
Choana
nasopharynx
Sphenoidal aperture
sphenoethmoidal recess
sphenoidal sinus
2) Superior nasal meatus
posterior ethmoidal air cells
3) Middle nasal meatus
Semilunar hiatus
(Btw ethmoidal bulla and uncinate process)
(4) Inferior nasal meatus
Nasolacrimal Canal
face
.
anterior and medial ethmoid air cells
front: ethmoid infundibulum /frontal sinus
behind: aperture of the maxillary sinus
orbit
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NASAL CAVITY
Sinus frontalis
PARANASAL SINUSES
Meatus nasi medius
Cellulae ethmoidales - meatus nasi superior
ant., medii, post.
- meatus nasi medius
Sinus frontalis
Sinus maxillaris
(Highmore)
Sinus maxillaris
(Highmore)
Meatus nasi medius
Sinus sphenoidalis
Meatus nasi communis
1. Frontal sinus
2. Ethmoidal air cells
3. Maxillary sinus
4. Common nasal meatus
5. Orbit
6. Oral cavity proper
7. Upper teeth
8. Lower teeth
Functions:
1
- to reduce the weight of the
skull by pneumatization
2
5
3
- to form resonator spaces
4
7
6
8
- to heat or cool the air
- to moisten the air
MAXILLARY SINUS
Largest sinus
Opens at the semilunar hiatus
Important topogrphical relation to the
roots of the upper molars and the orbit
FRONTAL SINUS
Opens via the ethmoid infundibulum
(containing the nasofrontal duct) at
the frontal part of the semilunar
hiatus
ETHMOIDAL LABIRYNTH
Several openings
- anterior/middle air cells open
at the semilunaris hiatus
- posterior air cells open at
the superior nasal meatus
SPHENOIDAL SINUS
Double cavity within the body of
sphenoid
openings – apertures within the
sphenoethmoidal recess
THE LATERAL WALL 
Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis
Lamina perpendicularis ossis palatinalis
Labyrinthus ethmoidalis (+bulla ethmoidalis+processus uncinatus)
Corpus maxillae
Concha nasalis inferior
Os lacrimale
Os frontale
Processus frontalis maxillae
Os nasale