Download SLTC06H Biological Sciences Head & Neck

SALC07 Biological Sciences
Head & Neck 4
Larynx & Phonation
Marianne Bos-Clark
[email protected]
Larynx/Phonation Sources/Reading
• Atkinson & McHanwell (2002) Basic Medical
Science for SLT students London: Whurr
Ch.16 Neck/Larynx
Ch.17 Phonation
• Mathieson (2001) Greene & Mathiesosn’s The
Voice & Its Disorders London: Whurr
Ch.2 Larynx/ Upper resp. tract
Ch.4 Voice and phonation
• Standard anatomy/physiology texts
• Internet
Larynx/Phonation
• Structure Lx:
Cartilages
Muscles
Vocal folds
Innervation
• Function:
Vocal folds
Normal voice production
Voice quality
The larynx
Larynx- lateral view
Larynx – anterior view
Larynx – posterior view
Larynx – posterior & from above
Laryngeal Cartilages
9 cartilages, 3 unpaired, 3 paired
• Thyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage
• Epiglottis
• Arytenoid cartilages
• Minor cartilages: corniculate & cuneiform
Laryngeal structure
Laryngeal membranes
• Thyrohyoid membrane
• Cricotracheal membrane
• Cricothyroid membrane ligament
Laryngeal Joints
• Cricothyroid
• Cricoarytenoid
Larynx – anterior view
Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricotracheal membrane
Cricothyroid membrane ligament
Larynx – posterior view
Laryngeal inlet
•
•
•
•
•
Laryngeal vestibule
infra/supra-glottis
True VF
False VF/vestibular folds
Ventricular/laryngeal sinus
The larynx
vocal fold (left/right); ventricular fold;
trachea; epiglottis; arytenoid cartilage;
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
• Suprahyoid
(elevators)
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
• Infrahyoid
(depressors)
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:
thyroarytenoid
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:
posterior & lateral cricoarytenoids
Posterior & Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:
interarytenoid muscles
oblique arytenoids
transverse arytenoid
aryepiglotticus
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:
cricothryroid
Vocal Fold Histology
VF Histology
Vocal Folds: membranous and
cartilaginous portion
Laryngeal Innervation
X Vagus
All innervation intrinsic laryngeal
muscles
Sensory structures Lx
Laryngeal Innervation
X Vagus
• Superior laryngeal
nerve:
internal & external
superior branches
• Left & right recurrent
laryngeal nerve
Phonation
Phonation
Phonation
Self-study Activity
• Explore the larynx on Anatomy TV
• Make sure you have a good understanding of
the basic structure and function of the larynx, as
well as the methods of examination used by
ENT/Specialist SLTs
Self-study Activity
• Construct your own larynx from the template,
following the instructions provided
• Explain the structure of the larynx to someone,
using your model of the larynx as a tool
• Explain how normal voice is produced, using
your model and other tools to illustrate your
explanation
Phonation: Voice quality
Judging voice quality on perceptual scales
such as the GRBAS (Hirano 1986)
Grade
Rough
Breathy
Asthenia
Strain
0=normal; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe