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Figure 5.14 The vertebral column. Anterior Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Posterior Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Figure 5.17 A typical vertebra, superior view. Posterior Anterior Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Figure 5.18a Regional characteristics of vertebrae. (a) Atlas and axis. (a) ATLAS AND AXIS Superior view of atlas (C1) Superior view of axis (C2) Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Figure 5.18b Regional characteristics of vertebrae. (b) Typical cervical vertebrae. (b) TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE Superior view Right lateral view Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Figure 5.18c Regional characteristics of vertebrae. (c) Thoracic vertebrae. (c) THORACIC VERTEBRAE Superior view Right lateral view Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Figure 5.18d Regional characteristics of vertebrae. (d) Lumbar vertebrae. (d) LUMBAR VERTEBRAE Superior view Right lateral view Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Figure 5.19 Sacrum and coccyx, posterior view. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Figure 5.20a The bony thorax (thoracic cage). (a) Anterior view. L1 Vertebra (a) Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e by Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.