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Chapter 5
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
• The skin has 7 functions:
– Covers underlying tissues to protect
against dehydration, injury, and germ
invasion
– Regulates body temperature
– Helps manufacture vitamin D
– Serves as the site of many nerve
endings
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
– Temporarily stores fat, glucose,
water, and salts
– Screens out ultraviolet radiation
– Absorbs certain drugs and chemical
substances
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
• Layers of the skin:
– Epidermis - the outermost covering of
epithelial cells with no blood vessels
– Dermis - true skin made of connective
tissue and is vascular
– Subcutaneous (hypodermal layer) lies
under the dermis and consists of
loose connective tissue
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN
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Hair
Nails
Sweat Glands
Sebaceous Glands
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
THE INTEGUMENT AND ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO
MICROORGANISMS
• Most skin bacteria are associated
with hair follicles or sweat glands
where nutrients and moisture are
present
• The best way to prevent disease is
by washing the hands
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
REPRESENTATIVE
DISORDERS OF THE SKIN
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Acne vulgaris
Athlete’s foot
Dermatitis
Eczema
Impetigo
Psoriasis
Ringworm
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Urticaria (hives)
Boils
Herpes
Genital herpes
Shingles
(herpes zoster)
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
SKIN CANCER
• Basal cell carcinoma is the most
common and least malignant skin
cancer
• Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in
the epidermis and grows rapidly
• Malignant melanoma is present in
pigmented cells called melanocytes
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
BURNS
• Burns are the result of radiation
from sun, heat, boiling water,
steam, fire, chemicals, and
electricity
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
BURNS
• Classification of burns
– First degree burns
• epidermis
– Second degree burns
• epidermis and dermis
– Third degree burns
• destruction of epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
SKIN LESIONS
• Pressure Ulcers (Decubitus) are the
result of constant pressure against
an area of tissue that lies over a
bone
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
SKIN LESIONS
• 4 Stages of pressure ulcers are:
– Stage I - skin is red but unbroken
– Stage II - blisters; broken or
unbroken
– Stage III - all layers of skin are
broken
– Stage IV - ulcerated area involves
underlying muscles, tendons, and
bones
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.