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Introduction to Skin Lesions
Skin Lesions
Skin
• Skin is an organ of the Integumentary
System.
• Skin is the largest organ in the human
body.
• The skin is the bodies first line of defense
to the outside world.
• When the skin is severely damaged, it
repairs itself by scarring.
The Layers of the Skin
• The skin is made of three layers
– Epidermis
– Dermis
– Hypodermis
The Epidermis
• The outermost “Protective
Layer” of skin
• Serves as a waterproof
boundary
• Made mostly of dead and
dying cells
• New cells are added at the
bottom, and die towards
The Dermis
• The middle “Working Layer”
of skin
• Contains all the blood
vessels, nerve endings,
glands, and connective
tissue
• Responsible for the sense
of touch, sweat production,
oil production, and hair
growth
The Hypodermis
• Also known as the “SubCutis”
• The bottomost “Anchor” layer of
skin
• Holds the upper layers to the
rest of the body
• Responsible for blood vessel
growth within the dermis.
• Serves as a storage area for fat.
Skin Lesions: What are they?
• A skin lesion is a superficial growth or
patch of skin
that does not resemble the area around it
– Primary Skin Lesions - variations in the
skin surface
that may be present at birth, or develop
directly from
a disease
– Secondary Skin Lesions: develop
naturally from a
primary lesion, or as a result of external
forces (e.g..
scratching or picking the skin surface)
Different Types of Lesions
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Macules and Patch - These Lesions are flat patches and can’t be
felt.
Papule - Small raised bumps on the skin less than 10mm.
Plaque - Raised areas of skin larger than 10mm.
Nodules - Raised lesions that extend below the epidermis.
Vesicles - Small fluid blisters less than 10mm diameter.
Bullae - Fluid filled blisters larger than 10mm.
Pustule - Elevated lesions that contain pus.
Urticaria - Lesion caused by swelling, known as hives or wheals.
Burrow - Linear lesions caused by infestation.
Telangiectasias - Small dialated blood vessels near the skin’s
surface.
Different Types of Lesions
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Scales - Flakes or plates of compact epidermal cells.
Crust - Dried serum, blood, or pus that coagulates on the skin.
Erosions and Excoriation - Open patches of skin caused by loss of
epidermis.
Ulcer - Loss of the epidermis and dermis.
Petachiae - Tiny flat spots caused by bleeding through the dermis
only.
Purpura - Larger areas of bleeding through the dermis and not the
epidermis.
Scars - Lesion formed during the Healing Process of a wound.
Atrophy - The thinning of the skin causing it to appear dry and
weak.
Fissures - Linear splits in the skin that extend to the dermis.
Lichenification – The thickening of the epidermis.
Next Couple of Slides Not to Be Viewed By
Those
With Weak Stomachs or Faint of Heart.
Please
Leave the Room if Gory Images Make You
Nauseous!!!!
Different Types of Lesions
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Macules
•Plaque
and
Patch Papule
Nodules
Different Types of Lesions
Vesicles
Bullae
Pustule
Urticaria
Different Types of Lesions
Burrow
•Scales
Telangiectasias
Crust
Different Types of Lesions
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Erosions and
•Petachiae
Excoriation Ulcer
Purpura
Different Types of Lesions
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Atrophy
•Lichenification
Scars
Fissures
Testing Skin Lesions
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It is very important that any type
of lesion
is seen and treated by a doctor.
Certain
lesion could be cancerous or an
indication to other life threatening
conditions. Many times, if caught
early,
what ever is causing the lesion
can be
Diagnosis of Lesions
A doctor can use numerous methods to diagnose a skin
lesion. Most of the times the test depends on the
suspected type of the lesion.
Treatment of Skin Lesions
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• The treatment of skin lesions is highly dependent on
the type of lesion, the severity of it, the health of the
patient, and the disease that caused it.
– Many skin lesions (like freckles and scars) don’t need to
be treated, and could just be covered up with makeup.
– If it is an allergic reaction, avoiding the allergen is
usually enough.
– Antibiotics work for most infections
– Deep infections might require minor surgery to lance
and drain
– Removal of the lesion is recommended for large lesions.
This may be done surgically (tumors), by freezing, or by
lasers.
The Touch Sensor
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The touch sensor, is our LEGO version of
skin in that it
allows us to feel the world around us using
our NXT kit.
The Touch Sensor
The touch sensor is nothing more than a common switch.
When it is pressed a signal is allowed to flow and when
released the signal is blocked. Because of this it is a
very inexpensive sensor and LEGO gives you two.
Actions of the Touch Sensor
Actions of theTouch Sensor
When programming the touch sensor there are three
different actions that can be the input to a programmed
response
Touch Sensor Programming Blocks
Wait For Touch Action
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The wait for touch sensor block is used for
delaying the code from continuing until the
appropriate touch action occurs.
Loop Until Touch Action
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This icon will repeat what ever code is inside
of the loop until the selected touch action
occurs. All of the sensor loops represent a
form of while loop.
Touch Sensor Switch
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The touch sensor switch will do one line of
code or the other depending on which
action is performed.