Download E. van Dishoeck

Solar System: ground-based
• Inner solar system
• Mars
• Outer solar system
– Dynamics of planetary atmospheres
– Structure, dynamics and formation outer solar system
• Many possibilities for synergy
– Spacecraft: high-resolution snapshot in time; medium
resolution spectroscopy unhindered by atmosphere
– Ground: long term monitoring of entire planet; high resolution
spectroscopy in atmospheric windows
Ewine van Dishoeck, ESO-ESA coordination meeting, Septemer 15 2003, Garching
I. Inner solar system
• Limited ground-based observations possible,
but some unique cases, e.g.:
• Sun
– Structure and dynamics of chromosphere =>
heating processes
• ALMA submillimeter continuum monitoring
• ALMA submm recombination lines of corona => magnetic
field through Zeeman effect
• Moon, Mercury, Near-Earth Asteroids, Mars
– Characterizing the (near-) surface thermal and
electrical properties and texture, including polar ice
caps
• ALMA (sub)millimeter continuum maps; radar of NEA
• Synergy with SMART-1, Bepi-Colombo
Inner solar system (cont’d)
• Venus
– Dynamics of middle atmosphere (70-110 km):
direct wind measurements
• ALMA CO lines at high spatial and spectral
resolution “snapshots of atmospheric circulation”
– Chemistry of Venus atmosphere
• ALMA HCl, H2S, SO2
– Synergy with Venus Express?
II. Mars
• Three dimensional water cycle of Mars
– ALMA HDO monitoring
• Dynamics of middle atmosphere (30-70 km):
direct wind measurements
– ALMA CO lines at high spatial and spectral resolution
“snapshots of atmospheric circulation”
• Chemistry of Mars atmosphere: testing
photochemical models
– ALMA O3, NO, H2O2
• Synergy with Mars missions, e.g. Mars Express,
Beagle 2; Herschel
Water on Mars
HDO : ALMA
1.3 mm
H2O 557 GHz:
Herschel
III. Outer Solar System:
Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres
• How do giant planet atmospheres work? E.g.
–
–
–
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Storms on Jupiter and Saturn
Uranus global change
Titan atmosphere
Cometary impacts/accretion of planetesimals; origin of
external water
– Reference for exo-planetary atmospheres studies
• Do minor bodies have atmospheres? If so, composition?
– Triton, Pluto, TNO
=> - Direct wind measurements: ALMA, VLT
- Composition: trace species probing key processes, e.g.
H3+ VLT; HCN, HDO, minor species: ALMA
- Synergy with Cassini/Huygens, Herschel
Volcanism on Io
4.8 m ground image
OWL resolution, Vis
Prometheus~ OWL resolution at 4.8 m
Structure, dynamics and
history Solar System
• Kuiper Belt Objects: remnants of the Sun’s
circumstellar disk (putting our solar system in context)
– Large asteroids => planets (Pluto, Quaoar, Charon, …): how
many? mass? origin?
– Mapping orbital dynamics of KBO’s (Plutinos/captured,
Scattered disk, Cubewanos/classical, …): clearing of small
bodies in planetary system
– Origin planetary moons: circumplanetary disk or captured?
– Composition surfaces KBO’s: origin? processing? source of
H2O and organics on Earth and Mars
VST/VLT: finding KBO’s, near-IR spectroscopy in reflected light
ALMA: thermal emission => albedo
VLTI/OWL: sizes, masses largest KBO’s
JWST: near- and mid-IR spectroscopy (reflected, thermal)
Minor planets in solar system
Size Quaoar resolved from space but also
measured from mm
Bertoldi et al. 2002
Comets
• Origin solar system: probing the most pristine
material
• Formation zone comets: inner vs. outer solar
system? Scattered?
• Relation with circumstellar disk material?
- ALMA:
- VLT:
composition parent gases, dynamics of coma: mm spectroscopy at
high angular (down to 10 km) and velocity (<0.1 km/s) resolution
composition gases and solids: near-IR, mid-IR spectroscopy;
preparatory studies comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- Rosetta: detailed in-situ study of one comet
- JWST: near- and mid-IR spectroscopy of distant comets: silicates, H2O, CO2,
- Herschel: mm spectroscopy of comets: H2O
Cometary spectra
Crovisier 2000
H2O in comets
ISO-SWS
Crovisier et al.
ALMA: HDO imaging at high spatial resolution (~10 km) => HDO/H2O
VLT: HDO 3.7 m fluorescence
Herschel: H2O 557 GHz line monitoring, far-IR lines
JWST: H2O near-IR, mid-IR: ortho/para ratio => formation T
Organics in comets
Mumma et
Al. 2001
IR: CH3OH, C2H6, OH, CH4, …
VLT-CRIRES, VISIR; JWST
Bockelee-Morvan
et al. 2000
Mm: many minor species
ALMA, Herschel