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Planets II
Planetary Observations
Temperature
 Radio
Observations
 Measure intrinsic radiation of
planet in far infrared
Planetary Observations
Temperature Variations Annual
 Inclination
of the pole
 Eccentricity of the orbit
Inclination and Eccentricity

Mercury
 Venus
 Earth
 Mars
 Jupiter
 Saturn
 Uranus
 Neptune
 Pluto
i
e
0°
177.4
23.45
23.98
3.08
26.73
97.92
29.6
118
0.206
0.007
0.017
0.093
0.048
0.054
0.047
0.009
0.249
Planetary Observations
Temperature Variations
Diurnal

Rotation Rate
Earth and Moon Comparison
Earth - 24 hours period
DT = 20 - 25 degrees
Moon - 28 day period
DT = 450 degrees
Planetary Observations
Temperature Variations
Diurnal


Rotation Rate
Atmosphere
cloud cover
Greenhouse Effect
Sun
Greenhouse Effect
Visible
Light
95% CO2
atmosphere
IR radiated
by surface
Surface
Planetary Observations
Temperature Variations
Diurnal


Rotation Rate
Atmosphere
cloud cover
Greenhouse Effect

Oceans

Albedo
Planetary Observations
Magnetic field requirements
 Fluid interior
 Rapid Rotation
The Earth’s Magnetic Field
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Earth’s Magnetic Field
Aurorae
Normal Magnetic Fields
Unusual Magnetic Fields
Planetary Observations
Interior heating mechanisms
 Original
heat of formation
 Radioactive decays
 Tidal heating
The Galilean Satellites
Ganymede
Callisto
Io
Europa
Planetary Observations
Atmospheres
Existence
Twilight Extension
“Horns” on the crescent phase
Composition
UV Spectroscopy
Crescent Venus
Inferior Conjunction of Venus
Planetary Spectra
Planetary Atmospheres
H2
CO2
N2
Jupiter
Mars
Earth
Mercury
Saturn
Venus
Titan
Pluto
Uranus
Neptune
None
End of Section