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Deel III: Paradigma’s Software
Ontwikkeling
4. Ontwerp van Telecom Services
Prof.Dr.Ir. Filip De Turck
Vakgroep Informatietechnologie
Domotica Telecom Services
Vakgroep Informatietechnologie
Home Use case
RFID reader
Television
Service Gateway
Siemens Pylix / Porta
Television
1
RFID reader
Software Ontwikkeling I
User with tag
and PDA
Multimedia
Content Provider
Home Use Case (with user priorities) :
Need for User Priorities
RFID reader
Television
1
User with tag
and PDA
2
Multimedia
Content Provider
Service Gateway
Siemens Pylix / Porta
User
Priority
1
3
2
5
Television
2
RFID reader
Software Ontwikkeling I
User with tag
and PDA
User Policies are
not supported in
OSGi
-> research topic
Home Use Case (with user priorities) :
Need for Service Priorities
End user
Service
Priority
Video on
demand
1
Surveillance
9
RFID reader
Home
Surveillance
Service
Television
Service Gateway
User without
valid RFiD tag
Television
1
User with PDA
RFID reader
Software Ontwikkeling I
Multimedia
Content Provider
Home Use Case (with service priorities) :
End user
Service
Priority
Video on
demand
1
Surveillance
9
RFID reader
Home
Surveillance
Service
Television
Multimedia
Content Provider
Service Gateway
Television
User without
valid RFiD tag
1
User with PDA
RFID reader
Software Ontwikkeling I
Technical realization of user and service policy
enforcement
UPnP Media
OSGi Service
Gateway
Home
Surveillance
Service
End user
RenderPriority
Service
Video on
demand
1
Surveillance
9
Service Gateway
Television
UPnP Media
Streamer
Software Ontwikkeling I
Multimedia
Content Provider
Home networks
 Intelligente


Gateway tot het home netwerk
Besturing security systeem




USB
Complete afscherming
gebruiker (black box)
netwerk
Apparaten
Protocollen
 Vermelde

Software
Software + framework
 Home

Router
X10
technologieën
X10
OSGi
Software Ontwikkeling I
Elektriciteitsnet
X10
Intelligente
router
Apparaat
X10
Controller
X10
Module
opdracht
adres
commando
Voor mij?
Lichtnet
Software Ontwikkeling I
Cross compiling
 Makefile
CC=/usr/crossdev/mips/bin/mips-linux-gcc
LD=/usr/crossdev/mips/bin/mips-linux-ld
all: test
test: test.c
$(CC) -g -c test.c
$(LD) -o test test.o –lc –lx10
#
$(CC) -static -o test test.c libx10.a
clean:
rm -f test *.o
Software Ontwikkeling I
Example Code
#include <stdio.h>
#include "x10_api.h"
void new_error_handler(int code, char *arg, struct x10_status_t
*status);
void function_hook(unsigned char house, int unit, int function, int
dim_level, struct x10_status_t *status);
int main(int argc,char **argv) {
struct x10_status_t *status;
int return_code;
/* We open the API */
if(!(status=x10_open("/dev/ttyS0", new_error_handler,
function_hook, 10000000))) {
fprintf(stderr,"Could not open the serial port %s
!\n",argv[1]);
exit(1);
}
printf("\n\nNow turning ON the A5 module ...\n");
return_code = x10_send_cmd('A', 5, X10_CMD_ON, 0, status);
printf("x10_send_cmd return code = %d\n",return_code);
x10_close(status);
Software Ontwikkeling
I
}
Enabling Java-based VoIP backend platforms
through JVM performance tuning
Vakgroep Informatietechnologie
Outline




Introduction
Java 4 Telecom
Evaluation Setup
Java Virtual Machine





Default behavior
Possible Optimizations
Optimized Behavior
Results
Conclusions
Software Ontwikkeling I
Introduction




Software backend platforms are
increasingly popular in VoIP offerings.
Java is currently one of the most popular
programming languages for implementing
business logic.
Is Java suitable for implementing VoIP and
telecom related applications?
Java Application Servers for Telecom
related applications are emerging:


SIP Servlet
JAIN SLEE
Software Ontwikkeling I
Telecom Applications: VoIP

Telecom related applications have very
specific requirements



Example: Softswitch



Low Latency
High Throughput
How fast can it set up a call?
How many calls can in set up per second?
Java 4 Telecom?
Software Ontwikkeling I
Java Virtual Machine: Features

Java Byte Code is executed by a virtual
Machine


This makes it platform independent
Java features automatic Memory
Management and a Garbage Collector

This simplifies the task of the developer
Software Ontwikkeling I
Java Virtual Machine: Problems

Java Byte Code is executed by a virtual
Machine


This can be a performance penalty
Java features automatic Memory
Management and a Garbage Collector

This can cause a performance penalty due to
unpredictable behavior of the system.
Software Ontwikkeling I
Evaluation: Proxy 200 benchmark
Alice
Proxy
Bob
Invite
Invite
Trying [100]
Ringing [180]
Ringing [180]
OK [200]
No
OK [200]
ACK
Measured Time
Interval
Media transfer
BYE
OK [200]
Software Ontwikkeling I
ACK
Media Session
started when
benchmarking
BYE
OK [200]
Evaluation Setup: Hardware
Perform routing
Internet
Alice
Proxy
Bob
Software Ontwikkeling I
Dual Opteron
1.6Ghz 2GB RAM
Linux kernel 2.6
Evaluation Setup: Software

SIP Servlet


JAIN SLEE


BEA Weblogic SIP Server
Open Cloud Rhino
Benchmark software

SIPp (test tool / traffic generator for the SIP
protocol)
Software Ontwikkeling I
SIP Servlet: Architecture
cycle management
 Manage network listen
points
similar to HTTPServlet
 SIP Protocol Specific
 Request Response
Model
…
Servlet
 Life
Servlet
based
Servlet
 Container
…
 Very
Application
JAIN SIP Servlet API
SIP Stack
Container
SIP Servlet Server
Application client
Software Ontwikkeling I
 Life
based
SBB
 Container
cycle management
 Protocol
Agnostic
 Resource Adaptors
allow protocols to be
“plugged in”
 Manage
Activity ctx
JAIN SLEE: Architecture
…
…
Application
Proxy
JAIN SLEE SBB API
network Listen
Points
 Event
driven and
asynchronous
JAIN SIP
JAIN JCC
SIP RA
JCC RA
JAIN SLEE
Container
JAIN SLEE Server
Application client
Software Ontwikkeling I
Results: SIP Servlet (default)
Response time as a function of call rate and system load
200
100
Response time (ms)
160
50 ms
25 ms
System load
90
80
140
70
120
60
100
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
Software Ontwikkeling I
50
100
150
Call Rate (caps)
200
0
250
System Load (%)
Average response time
50th percentile
95th percentile
180
Cause of the problems?

Memory Management and Garbage Collector
Legend
Heap Usage
GC-Time
GC-occurrence
Tenured Gen.
Young Gen.
Image created with gcviewer (http://www.tagtraum.com/gcviewer.html)
Software Ontwikkeling I
Solution: Virtual Machine Tuning

Memory Organization

Garbage Collection
Software Ontwikkeling I
Memory Tuning
Fixed Young
Generation Size
Software Ontwikkeling I
Virtual
Perm
Perm
Virtual
Tenured generation
Virtual
Size
large enough
TenuredVirtual
Total Heap
Perm generation
Tenured
Eden Virtual
Survivor
Survivor
Eden
Tiny
Survivor
Young
generation
Spaces
Other Generation
Sizes NOT Fixed
Garbage Collector Tuning
Parallel &
Concurrent
Concurrent
Parallel
Default
Multi- GC partially
GCparallel with
Longthreaded
GC
Application
pauses
Execution
Performance implications:
More resources are spent on Garbage Collection
Only
for tenured
young
All generations
generation
Software Ontwikkeling I
Tuning Options









-Xmx512m
-XX:MaxNewSize=32m
-XX:NewSize=32m
-XX:+UseParNewGC
Selection of the
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
Garbage Collector
-XX:+CMSIncrementalMode
-XX:+CMSIncrementalPacing
Allow multi-XX:CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin=0
-XX:CMSIncrementalDutyCycle=10
threaded memory

-XX:+UseTLAB

-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=0
-XX:SurvivorRatio=128

Sizing of the
memory
generations
Software Ontwikkeling I
allocation
Move long living
objects to Tenured
Generation
Problems solved?
Legend
Heap Usage
GC-Time
GC-occurrence
Tenured Gen.
Young Gen.
Image created with gcviewer (http://www.tagtraum.com/gcviewer.html)
Software Ontwikkeling I
Results: SIP Servlet
Response time as a function of call rate and system load
200
100
Response time (ms)
140
80
70
120
60
100
50
80
40
Improved
Latencies
60
25 ms
90
Higher
CPU load
160
50 ms
System load
40
30
20
20
0
10
0
Software Ontwikkeling I
50
100
150
Call Rate (caps)
200
0
250
System Load (%)
Average response time
50th percentile
95th percentile
180
Results: JAIN SLEE (untuned)
Response time as a function of call rate and system load
200
100
Response time (ms)
160
50 ms
25 ms
System load
90
80
140
70
120
60
100
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
Software Ontwikkeling I
50
100
150
Call Rate (caps)
200
0
250
System Load (%)
Average response time
50th percentile
95th percentile
180
Results: JAIN SLEE
Response time as a function of call rate and system load
200
100
Response time (ms)
160
50 ms
25 ms
System load
90
80
140
70
120
60
100
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
Software Ontwikkeling I
50
100
150
Call Rate (caps)
200
0
250
System Load (%)
Average response time
50th percentile
95th percentile
180
Conclusions

Java Technologies can simplify the Design
and Management of Telecom and VoIP
related applications

Java Virtual Machine Tuning can improve
the Java Garbage Collection significantly

Java Application Servers combined with
appropriate tuning can meet strict Low
Latency Requirements
Software Ontwikkeling I
Telecom Services on handheld devices
Vakgroep Informatietechnologie
Handheld devices – different OS
In-house / specific
Windows Mobile
Symbian OS
Embedded Linux
Palm OS
BlackBerry
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – J2ME
• modular and scalable architecture
• Configuration: CLDC / CDC
Applications
• Profiles: MIDP / FP / P (basis) P
• Mobile phones: MIDP 2.0
Profile
Optional
Packages
CLDC 1.1
“MIDlet (suite)”
• WMA, MMAPI, Bluetooth APIs
• Nokia UI
Software Ontwikkeling I
Vendorspecific
classes
Configuration
Native Operating System
Device / Hardware
Handheld devices – J2ME
Development steps for a MIDP application
1. Compilation using an ordinary Java compiler
2. Conversion of the classes to CLDC format (preverification)
3. Creation of the manifest file
4. Packaging into a JAR-file (+ creation of the JAD-file)
SUN’s WTK
IDE Netbeans Mobility Pack
5. Installation onto the target device
- through WAP
- through PC-connection (e.g. Nokia’s PC Suite)
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – J2ME
Code Examples
• Webaccess
- through HttpConnection
String getViaHttpConnection(String url) throws IOException {
HttpConnection c = null;
InputStream is = null;
StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
try {
c = (HttpConnection)Connector.open(url);
// Getting the InputStream will open the connection and read the HTTP headers.
// They are stored until requested.
is = c.openInputStream();
// Get the length and process the data
int len = (int)c.getLength();
int ch;
while ((ch = is.read()) != -1) {
str.append((char)ch);
}
} finally {
if (is != null)
is.close();
if (c != null)
c.close();
}
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – J2ME
Code Examples
• SIP
- JSR 180 “SIP API for J2ME”
- defined as Optional Package
- minimum requirements: CLDC 1.0
public void sendTextMessage(String msg) {
SipClientConnection sc = null;
try {
// open SIP connection
sc = (SipClientConnection)
Connector.open("sip:[email protected]:5060");
// initialize SIP request MESSAGE
sc.initRequest("MESSAGE", null);
// set some headers
sc.setHeader("From", "sip:[email protected]");
sc.setHeader("Subject", "testing...");
...
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – J2ME
Code Examples
...
// write message body
sc.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain");
sc.setHeader("Content-Length", Integer.toString(msg.length()));
OutputStream os = sc.openContentOutputStream();
os.write(msg.getBytes());
os.close();
// close stream and send the message to the network
// wait max 15 seconds for response
sc.receive(15000);
// response received
if(sc.getStatusCode() == 200) {
// handle 200 OK response
} else {
// handle other responses
} sc.close();
} catch(Exception ex){
// handle Exceptions }
}
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – J2ME
Code Examples
Video Service
- JSR 135 MMAPI (Mobile Media API)
- provides a framework for playing media content
- designed to run with any protocol and format
The method below plays a video file the on mobile device:
...
Player p;
VideoControl vc;
try {
p = Manager.createPlayer(“rtsp://server/somemovie.mpg");
p.realize();
// get video control
vc = (VideoControl) p.getControl("VideoControl");
....
p.start();
}
catch(IOException ioe) { }
catch(MediaException me) { }
...
Note: This will only work on devices which support real time input streams!
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices -Windows CE
The Operating System
Windows CE = a modular OS that serves as the foundation of
several classes of devices
Windows Mobile = a subset of platforms based on Windows CE
- high market share in the PDA market (~50%)
- 2003
- Pocket PC
- Smartphone
- Pocket PC Phone Edition
- 5.0
- Pocket PC
- Smartphone
- Portable Media Center
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices - Windows CE
Software development
• native code
- Visual C++
- high performance
- direct hardware access
- smallest footprint
• managed code through the .NET CF
- Visual Basic and Visual C#
- Rapid Application Development
- No bad pointers or memory leaks
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices - Windows CE
.NET Compact Framework
- subset of the .NET framework
- base class libraries + few additional libraries
- 2 versions : 1.0 (2003 / 2003 SE) & 2.0 (5.0)
Visual
C#
code
Compiler
Common Language Infrastructure
Common
Intermediate
Language
Visual
Basic
code
Compiler
Software Ontwikkeling I
Common
Intermediate
Runtime
0111
0100
1010
1101
0101
Handheld devices - Windows CE
Code Examples
• Webaccess
- through System.Net.WebClient
The following example takes the URI of a resource, retrieves it, and displays the response.
…
if (args == null || args.Length == 0)
{
throw new ApplicationException ("Specify the URI of the resource to retrieve.");
}
WebClient client = new WebClient ();
// Add a user agent header in case the requested URI contains a query.
client.Headers.Add ("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT
5.2; .NET CLR 1.0.3705;)");
Stream data = client.OpenRead (args[0]);
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader (data);
string s = reader.ReadToEnd ();
Console.WriteLine (s);
data.Close ();
reader.Close ();
}
…
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices - Windows CE
Code Examples
• SIP
Windows CE .NET User
Application
Windows CE .NET VoIP UI
3rd Party User Applications
Windows CE .NET VoIP Middleware
(incl. VoIPMgr)
RTC API Core
SIP
Media Manager
Provisioners
Databases
MS RTP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP)
Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP)
Network Driver Interface Specification
(NDIS)
Serial Drivers
Hardware
• Since Windows CE 4.2 : VoIP TUI is a fully functional, customizable, and
extensible suite of common telephony features for users.
• Third party SIP API : http://www.independentsoft.com/
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices - Windows CE
Code Examples
using Independentsoft.Sip;
using Independentsoft.Sip.Sdp;
…
client = new SipClient("sipdomain.com","Bob","password");
client.ReceiveRequest += new ReceiveRequestEventHandler(OnReceiveRequest);
client.ReceiveResponse += new
ReceiveResponseEventHandler(OnReceiveResponse);
client.Connect();
client.Register("sip:test.com", "sip:[email protected]", "sip:[email protected]");
Console.WriteLine("Send message to Alice or press \"q\" to exit.");
string message = "";
while(message != "q"){
Console.Write("Bob:");
message = Console.ReadLine();
client.SendMessage("sip:[email protected]","sip:[email protected]",message);}
client.Disconnect();}
private static void OnReceiveRequest(object sender, RequestEventArgs e) {
client.AcceptRequest(e.Request);
if(e.Request.Method == SipMethod.Message){
Console.WriteLine("Alice:"+e.Request.Body);}
… Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices - Windows CE
Code Examples
• Video service
- through e.g. DirectX 9.0 SDK
using Microsoft.DirectX.AudioVideoPlayback;
public class MyVideoPlayer : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
...
private void OpenFile()
{
try
{
Video ourVideo = new Video("C:\\Example.avi");
...
}
}
...
}
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – Symbian OS
The Operating System
• multitasking OS designed for 2.5G and 3G mobile phones
• very high market share in the smartphone market (~70%)
• the successor of the Epoc OS
• started as version 6.0 and currently into version 9.2
• advanced, open standard OS to its licensees
• (Sony) Ericsson, Nokia, Panasonic, Samsung and Siemens
• software development: J2ME and Symbian C++
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – Symbian OS
Symbian C++
• ≠ standard C++
• offers highest performance and functionality on Symbian OS
• 4 standardized software frameworks
Resolution (pixels)
User Interaction
208-240 x 320
pen-based
(+ small keyboard)
Series 60
176 x 208
central navigation key
Series 80 / 9200 Series
640 x 200
full keyboard
Series 90
640 x 320
pen-based
UIQ
• code not complete portable between the different
frameworks ( ~ 80 %)
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – Symbian OS
Code Examples
• Webaccess
- opening a session
class CHttpClient : public CBase, ...
{...
private:
RHTTPSession iSession;
...
};
CHttpClient::CHttpClient()
{...
iSession.OpenL();
...}
- creating a transaction
void CHttpClient::InvokeHttpMethodL(const TDesC8& aUri, RStringF aMethod)
{
...
TUriParser8 uri;
uri.Parse(aUri);
RHTTPTransaction trans = iSession.OpenTransactionL(uri, *iTransObs, aMethod);
...
};
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – Symbian OS
Code Examples
• SIP
- Nokia plugin for Series 60, 2nd Edition
- integrated in Series 60 Platform, 3rd Edition (v9.1)
- initiation of the SIP client API
iSIP = CSIP::NewL(KAppUid, *iMySIPObserver);
iConnection = CSIPConnection::NewL(*iSIP, KIapIdentifier, *iMyConnectionObserver);
- registration of a SIP user
CleanupStack::PushL(aor);
CSIPAddress* addr = CSIPAddress::DecodeL(_L8("sip:[email protected]"));
CleanupStack::PushL(addr);
CSIPContactHeader* contact = CSIPContactHeader::NewL(addr);
CleanupStack::Pop(addr);
CleanupStack::PushL(contact);
CSIPRefresh* refresh = CSIPRefresh::NewLC(); iRegistration =
CSIPRegistrationBinding::NewL(*iConnection, aor, contact, refresh);
CleanupStack::Pop(3);
Software Ontwikkeling I
Handheld devices – Symbian OS
• Video service
Code Examples
- CVideoPlayerUtility provides a simple interface to
open, play and obtain information from sampled video
data. The video data can be supplied either in a file, a
descriptor or a URL
- streaming supported ( MVideoLoadingObserver)
class CRMMVideoRenderer : public CBase, public MVideoPlayerUtilityObserver, public
MVideoLoadingObserver {
private: CVideoPlayerUtility* iVideoPlayerUtility; …}
…
iVideoPlayerUtility = CVideoPlayerUtility::NewL( *this, iPriority, iPref, iWindowSession,
*iScreenDevice, iDisplayWindowhandle, iDisplayWindowRect, iClipWindowRect )
…
// turn on the status reporting for connecting, buffering, and re-buffering
iVideoPlayerUtility->RegisterForVideoLoadingNotification(*this);
…
// load a videostream
TRAPD( err, iVideoPlayerUtility->OpenUrlL( iUrl, iIapId, iMimeType, iControllerUid ) );
if ( err != KErrNone ) {
iObserver->ErrorMsg(err);
}
Software Ontwikkeling I