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SE-1011 Software Development 1 SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 1 First Quiz When were the first programmable computers invented and what were they used for? SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 2 First Quiz When were the first programmable computers invented and what were they used for? This accounts for 50% of your grade in the course SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 3 Q: What does a computer do? SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 4 Jacquard Loom (1806) SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 5 Close-up of the Jacquard Loom’s punched cards SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 6 The Difference Engine (Charles Babbage, 1823) The British government needed accurate trig and other tables for ship navigation Used method of finite differences to compute y = ax7 + bx6 + cx5 + dx4 + ex3 + fx2 + gx + h sin x = x - x3/(3!) + x5/(5!) - x7/(7!) + ... cos x = 1 - x2/(2!) - x4/(4!) - x6/(6!) + ... ex = 1 + x + - x2/(2!) - x3/(3!) x4/(4!) + ... SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 7 The Analytical Engine (Babbage, 1832 – 1991) used punched cards (Jacquard) to store machine instructions modern computer features: sequential control, branching, and looping. Ada King (a mathematician) created the world’s first program for computing Bernoulli numbers SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 8 What is a (computer) program? SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 9 What is a computer program? A program is a set of instructions that can be used to solve a problem. The term algorithm is used to refer to the logic embodied by a particular sequence of instructions. SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 10 Tabulating Machine (Herman Hollerith,1890) Incorporated the punched card concept Hollerith’s company became IBM in 1924 SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 11 First generation electronic (1937-1946)… 1. 2. 3. Iowa State electronic calculator (Atanasoff/Berry) Colossus WWII code breaker (Turing) ENIAC, the first gen’l purpose computer (Eckert/Mauchly:19431946) US Army/U-Penn project Calculation of ballistics & trajectories Machine-language Comparison (of values) Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Square root Accommodated up to 20 10-digit decimal numbers Reduced trajectory calculations from 20hr to 30s Programmed by setting switches & cable connections Basically a simple programmable calculator dealing with “numbers” SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 12 First generation electronic (19441953)… Harvard Mark I Harvard Mark II EDVAC First computer bug discovered Stored programs Eckert and Mauchly leave UPenn Found UNIVAC SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 13 1947 - 1949 Instructions stored internally along with numbers: von Neumann architecture 600 2-digit instructions possible Transistor invented at Bell Labs 1951 UNIVAC - First commercial computer Accumulated census data 1953 IBM 701 - First business computer SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 14 Evolution of Modern Computers 1st Generation – vacuum tubes 2nd Generation – transistors, late 1950s 3rd Generation – integrated circuits, early 1960s 4th Generation – computer chips, silicon chips, mid 1970s (microcomputer, “computer on a chip”) 5th Generation – Networks, LAN, WAN, Internet, Cloud Computing SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 15 What is a computer programming language? SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 16 What is a computer programming language? Specially defined words, grammar, and punctuation that a computer “understands” Programming languages are used to form the instructions that can be used by the computer to solve a problem. SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 17 Time for a Class Exercise SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 18 Computer Languages in the era of “Big Computers” 1954 – FORTRAN developed at IBM A language for “Scientific” calculations 1958 - Cobol language developed by Grace Hopper A language for Accounting and Business computations 1963 - BASIC developed at Dartmouth U A simple language for teaching students SE Focus Dr. Mark L. Hornick 19 In the 1960’s, Bell Labs created Unix and then decided they needed a “Systems” language to make it portable: 1963 to 1978 – K&R C (B. Kernigham & D. Ritchie @ Bell Labs) CPL, BCPL, B, and finally C “Systems” language doubles as “Scientific” language C released publicly in 1978 – programmers worldwide fall in love with it, despite it’s quirks 1970 – Pascal (N. Wirth @ ETH-Zurich) “Stuctured” language for teaching students good programming technique Popular until about 2000 1983 – C++ (B. Stroustroup @ Bell Labs) “Object-oriented” version of C First widely-used OO language (not first OO lang) Still very popular & widely used; available on many platforms SE Focus Dr. Mark L. Hornick 20 Sun vs. Microsoft: Java and C# 1995: The Java language was designed by Sun Microsystems Inc. for use in embedded consumer-electronic applications, like toasters. The evolution of the Java language is managed by Sun, and is available on multiple platforms. 2000: The C# programming language, developed and owned by Microsoft, is very similar to Java. It is, however, proprietary to Microsoft and generally available only on MS platforms. SE Focus Dr. Mark L. Hornick 21 Why Java?? Java is one of the best “modern” programming languages in widespread use. Java is used in a broad variety of real applications, such as: Websites (www.noaa.gov) Mobile application development Google’s Android mobile phone www.android.com Desktop applications Limewire www.limewire.com Azureus/Vuze www.vuze.com SE Focus Dr. Mark L. Hornick 22 Course Objectives Understand basic aspects of the objectoriented programming model. Understand and apply basic high-level programming language (i.e. Java) syntax. Be able to design and implement small Java programs. Be able to use existing Java class libraries. SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 23 Essential Information Instructor: Dr. Mark L. Hornick email: [email protected] web: http://people.msoe.edu/~hornick/ webCT: webct.msoe.edu Office: L341 Phone: 277-2417 SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 24 Things your mom would tell you to do 1. Bookmark the SE1011 website: http://people.msoe.edu/~hornick/Courses/se1011/index.htm 2. Attend all classes It’s mandatory 3. 4. Keep your laptop computers closed during lectures Do the homework It affects your grade 5. 6. Get started early on lab assignments Ask questions (participate) SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 25 Grading policy (see http://people.msoe.edu/~hornick/Courses/Course Policies.htm ) The grading formula applies only to those students who have successfully met the objectives of this course. There is a 10% per business day (1 weekend = 1 day) late penalty for all written work. Any work more than 5 days late will receive a 0 grade. You must ultimately complete all work in order to pass the course. You are encouraged to discuss homework and programming assignments with your fellow students, however, each of you is responsible for doing and turning in your own work, unless otherwise specified. Cheating is not tolerated and can result in a failing grade. SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 26 Labs and Quizzes Labs are generally due 11pm the day prior to the following lab, but… …specific info will be posted on the website Quizzes (~1 per week) will generally be given at the beginning of labs SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 27 Plan ahead for labs Labs constitute a significant part of your grade. Expect to spend additional time outside of the lab session working on your lab assignments SE-1010 Dr. Mark L. Hornick 28