Download ch15 - SHS-Euro

15.01 Q
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4.
The nobility constituted about:
eight to ten percent of the population
one to five percent of the population
twenty to twenty-five percent of the population
one-third of the population
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.01 A
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The nobility constituted about:
eight to ten percent of the population
one to five percent of the population
twenty to twenty-five percent of the population
one-third of the population
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.01 E
EXPLANATION:
The nobility constituted about:
2. one to five percent of the population
The eighteenth century was the great age of the
aristocracy. The nobility constituted
approximately one to five percent of the
population of any given country. Yet in every
country, it was the single wealthiest sector of
the population, had the widest degree of social,
political, and economic power, and set the tone
of polite society.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.02 Q
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The smallest, wealthiest, and best-defined
aristocracy resided in:
Germany
Great Britain
France
Russia
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.02 A
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The smallest, wealthiest, and best-defined
aristocracy resided in:
Germany
Great Britain
France
Russia
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.02 E
EXPLANATION:
The smallest, wealthiest, and best-defined
aristocracy resided in:
2. Great Britain
The smallest, wealthiest, best defined, and
most socially responsible aristocracy
resided in Great Britain. It consisted of
about four hundred families, and the
eldest male members of each family sat
in the House of Lords.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.03 Q
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4.
French nobles were divided between those “of
the robe” and those:
“of the sword”
“of the crown”
“of the land”
“of the blood
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.03 A
1.
2.
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French nobles were divided between those “of
the robe” and those:
“of the sword”
“of the crown”
“of the land”
“of the blood
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.03 E
EXPLANATION:
French nobles were divided between those
“of the robe” and those:
a. “of the sword”
In France, the approximately 400,000 nobles were
divided between nobles “of the sword,” or
those whose nobility was derived from
military service, and those “of the robe,” who
had acquired their titles either by serving in the
bureaucracy or by having purchased them.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.04 Q
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2.
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4.
In many ways, the Russian nobility was
created in the:
eighteenth century
tenth century
fifteenth century
fourteenth century
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.04 A
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In many ways, the Russian nobility was
created in the:
eighteenth century
tenth century
fifteenth century
fourteenth century
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.04 E
EXPLANATION:
In many ways, the Russian nobility was
created in the:
1. eighteenth century
In Russia, the eighteenth century saw what
amounted to the creation of the nobility. Peter
the Great’s (r. 1682–1725) linking of state
service and noble social status through the
Table of Ranks (1722) established among
Russian nobles a self-conscious class identity
that had not previously existed.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.05 Q
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4.
The economic basis of eighteenth-century life
was:
regional trade
international trade
the land
manufacturing
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.05 A
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4.
The economic basis of eighteenth-century life
was:
regional trade
international trade
the land
manufacturing
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.05 E
EXPLANATION:
The economic basis of eighteenth-century life
was:
3. the land
Land was the economic basis of eighteenthcentury life and the foundation of the status
and power of the nobility. Well over threefourths of all Europeans lived in the country,
and few of them ever traveled more than a few
miles from their birthplace.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.06 Q
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In eastern Europe:
few people married before the age of thirty
men usually married before the age of twenty
women usually married before the age of fifteen
both men and women usually married before the
age of twenty
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.06 A
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In eastern Europe:
few people married before the age of thirty
men usually married before the age of twenty
women usually married before the age of fifteen
both men and women usually married before the
age of twenty
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.06 E
EXPLANATION:
In eastern Europe:
4. both men and women usually married before the
age of twenty
As one moved eastward across Europe, the structure
of the household and the pattern of marriage
changed. In eastern Europe, both men and
women usually married before the age of twenty.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.07 Q
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Over the course of the eighteenth century,
bread prices:
slowly fell
skyrocketed
slowly rose
sharply fell
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.07 A
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Over the course of the eighteenth century,
bread prices:
slowly fell
skyrocketed
slowly rose
sharply fell
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.07 E
EXPLANATION:
Over the course of the eighteenth century,
bread prices:
3. slowly rose
Historians now believe that during the
eighteenth century bread prices slowly
but steadily rose, spurred largely by
population growth. Since bread was
their main food, this inflation put
pressure on the poor.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.08 Q
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Which of the following countries saw the most
improvement in agricultural methods in
the eighteenth century?
the Netherlands
Poland
Russia
Prussia
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.08 A
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2.
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Which of the following countries saw the most
improvement in agricultural methods in
the eighteenth century?
the Netherlands
Poland
Russia
Prussia
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.08 E
EXPLANATION:
Which of the following countries saw the most
improvement in agricultural methods in the
eighteenth century?
1. the Netherlands
The drive to improve agricultural production began during
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the Low
Countries, where the pressures of the growing
population and the shortage of land required changes in
cultivation. Dutch landlords and farmers devised better
ways to build dikes and to drain land, so they could
farm more land. They also experimented with new
crops, such as clover and turnips, that would increase
the supply of animal fodder and restore the soil.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.09 Q
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In 1700, Europe’s population was between:
50 and 60 million
100 and 120 million
300 and 340 million
400 and 430 million
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.09 A
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In 1700, Europe’s population was between:
50 and 60 million
100 and 120 million
300 and 340 million
400 and 430 million
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.09 E
EXPLANATION:
In 1700, Europe’s population was between:
2. 100 and 120 million
In 1700, Europe’s population, excluding the
European provinces of the Ottoman
Empire, was probably between 100
million and 120 million people. By 1800,
the figures had risen to almost 190 million
and by 1850, to 260 million.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.10 Q
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Over the course of the eighteenth century,
disposable income:
rose in England, but fell on the Continent
fell throughout Europe
rose only in central Europe
rose throughout Europe
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.11 Q
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The Industrial Revolution came first to:
France
Great Britain
Prussia
the Netherlands
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.11 A
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The Industrial Revolution came first to:
France
Great Britain
Prussia
the Netherlands
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.11 E
EXPLANATION:
The Industrial Revolution came first to:
b. Great Britain
Great Britain was the home of the
Industrial Revolution and, until the
middle of the nineteenth century,
remained the industrial leader of
Europe.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.12 Q
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Between 1600 and 1750, the cities that grew
most rapidly were:
university towns
market towns
capitals and ports
All of the above
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.12 A
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Between 1600 and 1750, the cities that grew
most rapidly were:
university towns
market towns
capitals and ports
All of the above
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.12 E
EXPLANATION:
Between 1600 and 1750, the cities that grew
most rapidly were:
3. capitals and ports
In particular, between 1600 and 1750, the cities
that grew most vigorously were capitals and
ports. This situation reflects the success of
monarchical state building during those years
and the consequent burgeoning of
bureaucracies, armies, courts, and other groups
who lived in the capitals.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.13 Q
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Most European Jews lived in:
eastern Europe
central Europe
northern Europe
southern Europe
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.13 A
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Most European Jews lived in:
eastern Europe
central Europe
northern Europe
southern Europe
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.13 E
EXPLANATION:
Most European Jews lived in:
1. eastern Europe
Although the small Jewish communities of
Amsterdam and other Western
European cities became famous for their
intellectual life and financial
institutions, most European Jews lived
in Eastern Europe.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.