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Remaking the West
1870-1900
Motives For Empire, 1880-1914
 Political Motives
 Cultural Motives
 Economic Motives

Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
Take up the White Man's burden-In patience to abide,
To veil the threat of terror
And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple,
An hundred times made plain
To seek another's profit,
And work another's gain.
Take up the White Man's burden-The savage wars of peace-Fill full the mouth of Famine
And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest
The end for others sought,
Watch sloth and heathen Folly
Bring all your hopes to nought.

Take up the White Man's burden– No
tawdry rule of kings,
But toil of serf and sweeper-The tale of common things.
The ports ye shall not enter,
The roads ye shall not tread,
Take up the White Man's burden-Go mark them with your living,
Have done with childish days-And mark them with your dead.
The lightly proferred laurel,
Take up the White Man's burden-- The easy, ungrudged praise.
Comes now, to search your
And reap his old reward:
manhood
The blame of those ye better,
Through all the thankless years
The hate of those ye guard-Cold, edged with dear-bought
The cry of hosts ye humour
wisdom,
(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-"Why brought he us from bondage, The judgment of your peers!
Our loved Egyptian night?"
Take up the White Man's burden-Ye dare not stoop to less-Nor call too loud on Freedom
To cloke your weariness;
By all ye cry or whisper,
By all ye leave or do,
The silent, sullen peoples
Shall weigh your gods and you.
India and the New British Empire,
1750-1870
 More direct method of rule in response to the American
Revolution
 British East India Company
 Raj and Rebellion, 1857
 British Bureaucracy and Elite Institutions
 Sepoy Mutiny
 British Government seizes control
The Scramble for Africa
 1880: Europe controls 10% of African continent
 1900: only Ethiopia and Liberia remain independent
 West Africa
 France
 Britain
 Spain
 South Africa
 Britain
 Belgium
 Germany
Scramble for Africa
 Bismarck and Imperial powers decide in 1884:
 Borders of colonial states
 Who can have what?
 Methods of control
 Treatment of indigenous groups
Political and Social Ramifications
 Indigenous Resistance
 Ethiopia and Italy
 Disruption of Indigenous life
 Remaking African Culture
“New Imperialism” and Crisis
 Britain
 Rhodes and the Transvaal 1896
 Boer War, 1899-1902
 Spanish American War, 1898
 Loses Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippines
 Italy
 Ethiopia, 1896
“New Imperialism” and Crisis
 First Moroccan Crisis
 Wilhelm II in Tangiers, March 1905
 The Bosnian Crisis
 Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary,
October 1908
 Serbia seeks aid from Russia, Austria-Hungary from Germany
 Second Moroccan Crisis
 German “Panther” sent to port at Agadir, July 1911
 Sparks fear in Britain, anger in France
 France subsequently establishes a full protectorate over
Morocco
THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE
 Germany
 Rapid industrialization and modernization after unification
 Bismarck extends vote to all adult males
 weakens the middle-classes
 introduces socialist legislation to pre-empt socialist politicians
 essentially an authoritarian regime
 emperor at the helm
 Parliament/military filled with upper-middle-class, aristocratic
leaders
 brought a new balance of power to the Continent
 strengthened the cause for imperial ventures
THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE
 France
 French found new competition with/second place power
position to Germany difficult
 Political and cultural conflicts develop, including the Paris
Commune, another revolution
 political division between monarchists and republicans on
the national stage
THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE
 Great Britain
 Increased suffrage by 1884
 almost all males had the right to vote and could do so
democratically
 Had difficulty extending resources and infrastructure to the
empire in both the isles and abroad
 feared the growing economic strength of the U.S. and Germany in
the late 19th Century
 Russia and Austria-Hungary
 Both weakened by nationalism
 very ethnically diverse empires
 Russia remained economically “backwards”
 Stays authoritarian
 Alexander’s successors resist all forms of social
change
 Russia’s weakness (politically, economically, militarily)
exposed in Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05
 Austro-Hungarian Empire deeply divided along ethnic lines
 efforts to maintain empire by force in Balkans
creates political tension in Russia that would have
disastrous effects (the reason for the outbreak of
WWI)
THE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE
 The United States
 late 19th Century a period of dramatic economic/social
growth
 Immigrants poured into the country, fueling industrialization
 40 million between 1880 and 1920
 By 1900 is the world’s leading industrial power
 absence of government intervention and immigration
The West Outside of Europe
The Challenge of Social Change in the
Wider West
 Immigration
 Between 1500 and 1760, African slaves had accounted for the
vast majority of “immigrants” in the western hemisphere
 In the 19th Century, Europeans (Irish, German, Italians, Slavs,
Russians, and Jews) accounted for the majority of new
immigrants
 Asian immigration increased significantly in the United States
 Despite the tremendous benefits that immigrants brought,
hostility/discrimination toward immigrants increased
 At best, the “immigrant question” was addressed by state efforts
to force immigrants to abandon their own culture and assimilate
 At worst, immigrants were met with vicious, discriminatory
laws and violence (Dawes Act in the U.S., pogroms in Russia
and eastern Europe)
Uncle Sam’s Lodging House
“Can I come
in?”
…I ‘spose you
can; there’s
no law to keep
you out.
American Imperialism
 Colonial Experiences of “imperialism”
 Monroe Doctrine-1823
 European powers must not meddle in the affairs of any
developing nations in the Western Hemisphere
 1866-US in Mexico and Latin America
 1867-Purchase of Alaska
 1898-Annexation of Hawaii
 1898-Spanish-American War



Cuba
Guam
Philippines
o White-Man’s Burden
American Imperialism
 The United States approached imperialism in several ways:
 Cultural imperialism
 Political imperialism
 Economic imperialism
 For the documents, assess the following as a group:
 Which mode of imperialism does each group member’s
document(s) represent?
 What imperial actions is the US engaging in/being accused of?
 How is US imperialism like/unlike European modes of empire?
 If your group were to write an essay on American versus
European imperialism, what would the main argument be?
 What would your key pieces of evidence/quotes be?
 Japan
 Japan had little contact with the outside world until the 1850s
 Japanese leaders began embracing western institutional ideas
 The new Meiji government modeled their system on imperial
Germany

encourage rapid industrialization
 Japanese expansion into Asia fueled parallel imperialism in the East
 Japan subordinate to western claims on Asia
 forced to give up imperial gains (China) when success threatened
western dominance over trade markets
The West Outside of Europe