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Lone Star: The Story of Texas
Chapter 3
Exploring Texas:
1519 - 1700
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Lone Star: The Story of Texas
Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700
Section 1:
Spain Prepares for Exploration
Section 2:
Early European Explorations in
the Americas
European Explorers Meet Native
Texans
Section 3:
Section 4:
Successes and Failures
Section 5:
French Explorers
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Spain Prepares for Exploration
Chapter 3, Section 1
• What was the Reconquista?
• How did the Reconquista influence the
way Spanish men viewed the military?
• What were the goals of Columbus’s
voyage?
Spain and the Reconquista
Chapter 3, Section 1
Since the A.D. 700s, Spanish Christians battled to
regain control of Spain. During that time, Spain was
controlled by the Moors, an Islamic people. The
Christians believed that God wanted them to drive
out the Moors. The struggle ended in 1492 when
Spanish Christians drove the Moors out of Granada.
• This 800-year struggle was called the
Reconquista, or reconquest.
• The Moors were an Islamic people who originally
came from northwest Africa.
The Impact of the Spanish Defeat of the Moors on
Overseas Exploration
Chapter 3, Section 1
The Moors gain control of Spain.
800 years of struggle, called the
Reconquista, begin as Spain fights to
retake the land.
Spain drives the Moors out.
The defeat of the Moors inspires Spain to
explore other lands.
Spain funds Christopher Columbus’s
overseas voyage.
His success leads to the voyages of more
explorers.
Columbus’s Voyage
Chapter 3, Section 1
• The king of Portugal
turned down
Columbus’s request for
support.
• The successful end of
the Reconquista in 1492
inspired Queen Isabella
and Kind Ferdinand of
Spain to back
Columbus’s voyage.
• Columbus promised to
find new trade routes to
China and India.
• Columbus failed to find
a direct route to Asia.
• He landed in the
Caribbean instead.
• The gold and captive
Indians he brought back
convinced the king and
queen of Spain that
America would provide
the wealth they had
hoped to find in Asia.
Spain Prepares for Exploration - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 1
How did the end of the Reconquista affect Spanish overseas exploration?
(A) The Moors agreed to help Spain explore new lands.
(B) Spain needed a new homeland for the captured Moors.
(C) Spanish soldiers sought new lands to conquer.
(D) Spanish soldiers stayed home to enjoy their victory.
Why did Columbus want to sail west to Asia?
(A) He wanted to open trade routes to China and India.
(B) He wanted wealth and glory.
(C) He wanted an opportunity to spread the Christian faith.
(D) All of the above
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Spain Prepares for Exploration - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 1
How did the end of the Reconquista affect Spanish overseas exploration?
(A) The Moors agreed to help Spain explore new lands.
(B) Spain needed a new homeland for the captured Moors.
(C) Spanish soldiers sought new lands to conquer.
(D) Spanish soldiers stayed home to enjoy their victory.
Why did Columbus want to sail west to Asia?
(A) He wanted to open trade routes to China and India.
(B) He wanted wealth and glory.
(C) He wanted an opportunity to spread the Christian faith.
(D) All of the above
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Early European Exploration in the Americas
Chapter 3, Section 2
• What were the goals of the
conquistadors?
• What did Cortés find at Tenochtitlán?
• What happened in Central and South
America after the fall of Tenochtitlán?
The Conquistadors
Chapter 3, Section 2
Spanish soldiers who sailed to America were called
conquistadors, or conquerors. These fierce,
determined soldiers had several goals:
• To bring their religion to “non-believers”
• To obtain great wealth and glory
• To find the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola
Cortés and the Aztecs
Chapter 3, Section 2
Hernán Cortés had several advantages that helped him
defeat the powerful Aztecs in Mexico:
• Horses - These animals were unknown to the Aztecs.
They enabled soldiers to travel great distances.
• Weapons - Cortés had steel swords, guns, armor, and
cannons against the Aztecs’ bows and arrows, clubs,
and spears.
• Allies - The Aztecs forced their conquered enemies to
pay them tribute, a payment of food and other
valuables. Some of these angry, defeated Indians
joined Cortés in his struggle against the Aztecs.
The Aztec Empire
Chapter 3, Section 2
• The Aztec emperor Moctezuma II welcomed
Cortés to the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlán.
Moctezuma thought Cortés was a god.
• The Spanish killed hundreds of unarmed Indians
for performing a non-Christian ceremony. The
Aztecs drove them from Tenochtitlán.
• Cortés and his men responded by attacking and
destroying Tenochtitlán. The Spanish built
Mexico City on the ruins of that once magnificent
city.
After Cortés
Chapter 3, Section 2
• Within a few years, Spain controlled all the land of
present-day Mexico. This land became the viceroyalty
of New Spain.
• The Spanish then spread into Central and South
America.
• Spanish explorers carried common childhood
illnesses with them. The Indians had no resistance to
these diseases, so many died from them.
• The Spanish completed their conquest of Central and
South America in a matter of a few years.
Viceroyalty - land that is ruled by an official chosen by
a monarch
Viceroy - the official who rules that land
Early European Explorations in the Americas - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 2
What were the goals of the conquistadors in the Americas?
(A) To convert all Indians to the Islamic faith
(B) To gain wealth and power for Spain
(C) To learn more about people from other lands
(D) To find land suitable for agriculture
How did the Aztecs react when Cortés arrived at Tenochtitlán?
(A) They attacked his army and killed many men.
(B) They hid their wealth from Cortés and his men.
(C) They welcomed him, thinking he was an Aztec god.
(D) They retreated to a safer location.
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Early European Explorations in the Americas - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 2
What were the goals of the conquistadors in the Americas?
(A) To convert all Indians to the Islamic faith
(B) To gain wealth and power for Spain
(C) To learn more about people from other lands
(D) To find land suitable for agriculture
How did the Aztecs react when Cortés arrived at Tenochtitlán?
(A) They attacked his army and killed many men.
(B) They hid their wealth from Cortés and his men.
(C) They welcomed him, thinking he was an Aztec god.
(D) They retreated to a safer location.
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European Explorers Meet the Native Texans
Chapter 3, Section 3
• What did Alonso Álvarez de Pineda’s
voyage to Texas accomplish?
• What happened to the Narváez
expedition?
• What did Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca do
in Texas?
Álvarez de Pineda’s Expedition
Chapter 3, Section 3
• Captain Alonso Álvarez de Pineda sailed along
the Gulf of Mexico in search of a water route to
the Pacific Ocean.
• This voyage gave the Spanish their first accurate
information about the Texas coast, including a
well-drawn map.
The Nárvaez Disaster
Chapter 3, Section 3
• In 1527, Panfilo de Nárvaez led an expedition to
explore the Gulf Coast from Florida to northern
Mexico. The expedition was a disaster.
• Half his crew sailed off, abandoning the other half
who had ventured inland. Many of those soldiers
suffered sickness and hunger.
• Desperate to return to Spain, they set off on
homemade rafts. During a storm they were
tossed up on San Luis Island, near Galveston.
They were the first known Europeans to set foot
on Texas soil.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Chapter 3, Section 3
• Álvar Núñez Cabeza de
Vaca was one of the few
Narváez survivors.
• He became a trader and
traveled widely across
coastal Texas.
• He later met up with
three fellow Narváez
survivors.
• They gained a
reputation as powerful
shamans.
• Shaman - a medicine
man
• Bison - buffalo, an
animal Spaniards had
never seen before
exploring Texas
• Relación - Cabeza de
Vaca’s account of his
time in Texas. It hinted
at the existence of the
Seven Cities of Cíbola in
Texas
Early European Explorations in the Americas - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 3
What contribution did Álvarez de Pineda make to Spanish knowledge of
Texas?
(A) He discovered the bison.
(B) He drew the first known map of the Texas coast.
(C) He taught travelers how to become shamans.
(D) None of the above
Why did people think Cabeza de Vaca was a shaman?
(A) He cast spells on his enemies.
(B) He wrote a book called Relación.
(C) He performed surgery on a Native American.
(D) He threatened anyone who would not honor him.
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Early European Explorations in the Americas - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 3
What contribution did Álvarez de Pineda make to Spanish knowledge of
Texas?
(A) He discovered the bison.
(B) He drew the first known map of the Texas coast.
(C) He taught travelers how to become shamans.
(D) None of the above
Why did people think Cabeza de Vaca was a shaman?
(A) He cast spells on his enemies.
(B) He wrote a book called Relación.
(C) He performed surgery on a Native American.
(D) He threatened anyone who would not honor him.
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Successes and Failures
Chapter 3, Section 4
• What were the goals of the expedition of
Marcos de Niza?
• What were the goals of the expedition of
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado?
• How did Texas get its name?
Marcos de Niza and Estevanico’s Expedition
Chapter 3, Section 4
• Marcos de Niza was a priest who led a group to
find the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola. The
Viceroy of New Spain appointed Estevanico to be
the group’s guide. Estevanico was an enslaved
Moor who traveled through Texas with Cabeza de
Vaca.
• Estevanico sent back a report that he had found
Cíbola. Soon afterward, he was killed by Indians.
• In fear, Marcos de Niza turned back. He reported
that he had seen Cíbola from the top of a hill. His
report convinced many that rich lands lay waiting.
Coronado Heads North
Chapter 3, Section 4
Spain sent explorer Francisco Vásquez de
Coronado to conquer Cíbola and take its treasure.
Coronado found no gold in Cíbola. He continued
searching the area for something of value, with
no luck. In 1542, he returned to Mexico. He
reported that the land to the north offered nothing
of value to the Spanish.
• Coronado’s men were the first Europeans to
see the Grand Canyon.
• Coronado’s treasure hunt brought him as far
north as present-day Kansas.
De Soto and Moscoso
Chapter 3, Section 4
• For four years, Hernando de Soto explored the land that is
now the southeastern United States, in search of riches.
• Upon De Soto’s death, Luis de Moscoso Alvarado took over
the expedition. His group made it their goal to reach Mexico
by land.
• The Caddoes they met on their travels greeted them by
saying “Tay-yas,” meaning friends. This is how Texas got
its name.
• Finding no gold, Moscoso’s men went back to the
Mississippi River and returned to Mexico by sea.
• On that voyage, they stumbled upon petroleum, the
substance that provides oil, gasoline, and other fuels. The
Spanish did not immediately recognize the value of this
“black gold.”
Successes and Failures - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 4
What role did the Seven Cities of Cíbola play in Spain’s desire to explore
North America?
(A) They promised to be a good place to settle down and raise
children.
(B) They inspired explorers who hoped to discover great wealth.
(C) They promised good luck to the person who discovered them.
(D) The person who discovered them would get to name them.
Where did Texas get its name?
(A) It was named after the first settler.
(B) It was named for an Aztec god.
(C) Its name came from an Indian greeting.
(D) It was named after Coronado’s wife.
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Successes and Failures - Assesasment
Chapter 3, Section 4
What role did the Seven Cities of Cíbola play in Spain’s desire to explore
North America?
(A) They promised to be a good place to settle down and raise
children.
(B) They inspired explorers who hoped to discover great wealth.
(C) They promised good luck to the person who discovered them.
(D) The person who discovered them would get to name them.
Where did Texas get its name?
(A) It was named after the first settler.
(B) It was named for an Aztec god.
(C) Its name came from an Indian greeting.
(D) It was named after Coronado’s wife.
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French Explorers
Chapter 3, Section 5
• Why did the French want to establish
colonies in North America?
• Why did La Salle build a fort in Texas?
French Explorers
Chapter 3, Section 5
• French explorers trapped
and traded furs throughout
much of North America.
• Along the way, they
claimed land for France.
• French explorer La Salle
searched for the
Northwest Passage, a
water route that would
provide a shortcut to Asia.
• At this time, France and
Spain were at war.
• La Salle claimed for
France all the land that
drained into the
Mississippi River,
including part of Texas.
• He named the land
Louisiana, after the French
king, Louis XIV.
• La Salle planned to build a
fort at the mouth of the
Mississippi River. He
wanted to expand his trade
empire and have a base for
an attack on Mexico.
La Salle’s Expedition
Chapter 3, Section 5
In 1684, La Salle set sail from France. His plan was to
build Fort St. Louis near the mouth of the Mississippi
River. His expedition faced many problems:
• La Salle was difficult to get along with and argued with
his naval officers.
• Pirates and shipwrecks plagued the expedition.
• The Spaniards captured one of his four ships. La Salle
lost crew members and supplies.
• La Salle’s crew missed the Mississippi River. They
landed instead at present-day Matagorda Bay.
Fort St. Louis
Chapter 3, Section 5
Fort St. Louis
• Harsh living conditions
made many explorers sick.
• The French had hostile
relations with the local
tribe, the Karankawas.
• During La Salle’s search
for a safer location for the
fort, his men staged a
mutiny, a revolt of soldiers
or sailors against their
leaders. They murdered La
Salle in 1687.
Fort St. Louis Destroyed
• La Salle had taken most of
his able-bodied men with
him on his search for the
Mississippi. After his
death, they ran away or
were killed by Indians.
• The Karankawas attacked
the vulnerable fort and
took the five remaining
settlers captive.
Spain Reacts
Chapter 3, Section 5
• Soon, the Spanish learned about La Salle’s arrival
in their territory. They set out to find the French
intruders.
• Since they did not know the territory they claimed
was theirs, it took them a year to find La Salle’s
fort.
• The fort was deserted. However, the Spanish
realized that they would need to pay more
attention to Texas if they wanted to control it.
French Explorers - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 5
How did the Spanish react to La Salle’s settlement?
(A) They wanted to see how it was built.
(B) They were afraid of the French.
(C) They welcomed the new settlers.
(D) They wanted to drive the French out of Texas.
What is a mutiny?
(A) A sailing party
(B) A type of ship used in battle
(C) A revolt of soldiers or sailors against their leaders
(D) A legal peace agreement between two countries
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French Explorers - Assessment
Chapter 3, Section 5
How did the Spanish react to La Salle’s settlement?
(A) They wanted to see how it was built.
(B) They were afraid of the French.
(C) They welcomed the new settlers.
(D) They wanted to drive the French out of Texas.
What is a mutiny?
(A) A sailing party
(B) A type of ship used in battle
(C) A revolt of soldiers or sailors against their leaders
(D) A legal peace agreement between two countries
Want to link to the Lone Star Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!