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Amino Acid
Symbol
Structure*
pK1
pK2
(COOH) (NH2)
pK R
Group
Amino Acids with Aliphatic R-Groups
Glycine
Gly - G
2.4
9.8
Alanine
Ala - A
2.4
9.9
Valine
Val - V
2.2
9.7
Leucine
Leu - L
2.3
9.7
Isoleucine
Ile - I
2.3
9.8
Non-Aromatic Amino Acids with Hydroxyl R-Groups
Serine
Ser - S
2.2
9.2
~13
Threonine
Thr - T
2.1
9.1
~13
8.3
Amino Acids with Sulfur-Containing R-Groups
Cysteine
Cys - C
1.9
10.8
Methionine
Met-M
2.1
9.3
2.0
9.9
Acidic Amino Acids and their Amides
Aspartic Acid
Asp - D
3.9
Amino Acid
Structure*
Symbol
pK1
pK2
(COOH) (NH2)
pK R
Group
Acidic Amino Acids and their Amides (continued)
Asparagine
Asn - N
2.1
8.8
Glutamic Acid
Glu - E
2.1
9.5
Glutamine
Gln - Q
2.2
9.1
4.1
Basic Amino Acids
Arginine
Arg - R
1.8
9.0
12.5
Lysine
Lys - K
2.2
9.2
10.8
Histidine
His - H
1.8
9.2
6.0
2.2
9.2
Amino Acids with Aromatic Rings
Phenylalanine Phe - F
Tyrosine
Tyr - Y
2.2
9.1
Tryptophan
Trp-W
2.4
9.4
2.0
10.6
Imino Acids
Proline
Pro - P
*Backbone
of the amino acids is red, R-groups are black
10.1
Amino Acid Flash Cards
1. Sidechain is positively charged at pH 7.5.
K, R, and sometimes H
2. Sidechain has a pK > 11.5.
R
3. Sidechain has a gamma-amide.
Q
4. Sidechain can form H-bonds to backbone.
N, T, S, D, Q, E, K, R, H, Y, in
order of preference
5. Sidechain has an amino group.
K
6. Sidechain is positively charged at pH 7.5.
K
7. Sidechain is beta-branched and hydroxylated.
T
8. Sidechain binds zinc.
C, H
9. Sidechain can be glycosylated.
N, T
10. Phi, Psi angles have the broadest range.
G
11. Sidechain is positively charged at pH 7.5.
K
12. Sidechain has an imidazole.
H
13. Sidechain is recognized by SH3 domains.
Y (with phosphate)
14. Sidechain is often used for fluorescence
measurements.
W
15. Sidechain is prone to oxidation.
C, M to a lesser extent
16. Rarest sidechain.
W
17. Sidechain has a near neutral pK.
H
18. Sidechain has greatest number of atoms.
W or R, depending on pH
19. Sidechain binds iron.
H
20. Sidechain has both nitrogen and oxygen.
N, Q
21. Sidechain has three nitrogens.
R
22. Sidechain has a chiral center.
I, T
23. Sidechain is nonaromatic and cyclic.
P
24. Sidechain has a thiol.
C
25. Sidechain has a beta-carboxylate.
D
26. Sidechain is negatively charged at pH 7.0.
E, D
27. Sidechain has a beta-amide.
N
28. Sidechain is gamma-dimethylated.
L
29. Sidechain is positively charged at pH 7.5.
K
30. Sidechain has an unreactive sulfur.
M
31. Sidechain has a gamma-carboxylate.
E
32. Sidechain has four unbranched carbons.
K
33. Sidechain is straight-chain and hydroxylated.
S
34. Sidechain has no beta-carbon.
A, G
35. Sidechain binds calcium.
N, Q, D, E
36. Sidechain is beta-branched and hydrophobic.
V, I
37. Sidechain forms interaction with phosphate
backbone of DNA.
K, R, and sometimes H
38. Sidechain forms disulfide bonds.
C
39. Sidechain is beta-dimethylated.
V
40. Sidechain is has a benzene ring.
F
41. Sidechain is the only straight-chain
hydrophobic group.
M
42. Sidechain has an acidic group.
E, D
43. Sidechain is recognized by SH2 domains.
P
44. Sidechain has a beta-ethyl group.
I
45. Sidechain can be phosphorylated.
Y, T, (and sometimes S)
46. Most common sidechain.
A
47. Sidechain has a guandino group.
R
48. Sidechain is cyclized to backbone.
P
49. Sidechain is bicyclic.
W
50. Sidechain has a hydroxylated ring.
Y