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Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 4, part 4
The Tissue Level of
Organization
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
SECTION 4-6
Muscle Tissue
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Muscle tissue
• Specialized for contraction
• Three types
• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth
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Figure 4.19 Muscle Tissue
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Figure 4.19a
Figure 4.19 Muscle Tissue
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Figure 4.19b
Figure 4.19 Muscle Tissue
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Figure 4.19c
Skeletal muscle
• Cells are multinucleate
• Striated voluntary muscle
• Divides via satellite cells
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Cardiac muscle
• Cardiocytes occur only in the heart
• Striated involuntary muscle
• Relies on pacemaker cells for regular contraction
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Smooth muscle tissue
• Non-striated involuntary muscle
• Can divide and regenerate
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SECTION 4-7
Neural Tissue
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Neural tissue
• Conducts electrical impulses
• Conveys information from one area to another
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Neural tissue cells
• Neurons
• Transmit information
• Neuroglia
• Support neural tissue
• Help supply nutrients to neurons
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Figure 4.20 Neural Tissue
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Figure 4.20
Neural anatomy
• Cell body
• Dendrites
• Axon (nerve fiber)
• Carries information to other neurons
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SECTION 4-8
Tissue Injuries and Aging
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Inflammation and regeneration
• Injured tissues respond in coordinated
fashion
• Homeostasis restored by inflammation
and regeneration
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Inflammatory response
• Isolates injured area
• Damaged cells, tissue components and dangerous
microorganisms removed
• Infection avoided
• Regeneration restores normal function
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Figure 4.21 An Introduction to Inflammation
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Figure 4.21
Aging and tissue repair
• Change with age
• Repair and maintenance less efficient
• Structure altered
• Chemical composition altered
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Aging and cancer incidence
• Incidence of cancer increases with age
• 70-80% of all cases due to exposure to chemicals
or environmental factors
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Figure 4.22 Changes in a Tissue under Stress
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Figure 4.22
You should now be familiar with:
• The four major tissue types and their functions.
• The relationship between form and function for
each tissue type.
• The types and functions of epithelial tissues.
• The structure and function of connective tissues.
• The structure and function of the four types of
membrane.
• The three types of muscle tissue and the
structural features of each.
• The basic structure and role of neural tissue.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings