Download Slide 1 Stimulus

Stimulus
(input)
Receptors
(sensory neurons)
Integrators
(interneurons)
motor neurons
Effectors
(muscles, glands)
Response
(output)
Figure 13.1b
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Slide 1
dendrites
Input Zone
cell body
axon
axon endings
Trigger Zone
Conducting Zone
Output Zone
Figure 13.2d
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Slide 2
Interstitial Fluid
channel proteins,
continually open
channel proteins with
voltage-sensitive gates
K+/Na+ pump
lipid bilayer of
neuron’s plasma
membrane
Cytoplasm
Figure 13.3
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Slide 3
interstitial fluid
cytoplasm
Figure 13.5a
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Slide 4
Na+
Na+
Na+
Figure 13.5b
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Slide 5
K+
K+
K+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Figure 13.5c
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Slide 6
K+
K+ K+
K+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Figure 13.5d
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electrode outside axon
electrode
inside
axon
no change in voltage registers
on oscilloscope screen
0
unstimulated axon
0
stimulated axon
recording of voltage change
Figure 13.6a,b
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Slide 8
action potential
Membrane potential (millivolts)
+20
0
-20
threshold
-40
resting
membrane
potential
-70
0
1
2
3
4
Time (milliseconds)
5
Figure 13.6c
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Slide 9
plasma membrane of axon
ending of presynaptic cell
synaptic
vesicle
plasma membrane of
receiving cell
membrane receptor for neurotransmitter
Figure 13.7a
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Slide 10
neurotransmitter molecule
ions
receptor for
neurotransmitter
gated channel protein
Figure 13.7c
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Slide 11
axon ending
Motor end plate
gap
muscle cell membrane
Figure 13.8
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Slide 12
axon
myelin sheath
nerve’s
outer
wrapping
blood
vessels
nerve
fascicle
Figure 13.10
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unsheathed node
“jellyrolled”
Schwann cells
axon
Figure 13.11a
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Slide 14
Na+
action potential
resting potential
K+
Na+
resting potential restored
action potential
resting potential
resting potential
Fig. 13.11b,c
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Slide 15
cell body
receptor endings
cell body
cell body
axon ending
axon endings
peripheral axon
dendrites
dendrites
axon
Sensory Neuron
Interneuron
Motor Neuron
Figure 13.12a
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Slide 16
spinal cord
Stimulus:
biceps stretches
sensory
neuron
motor
neuron
Response:
biceps
contracts
muscle spindle
Stepped Art
Figure 13.12b
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Slide 17
brain
cranial nerves
cervical nerves
spinal cord
thoracic nerves
ulnar nerve
sciatic nerve
lumbar nerves
sacral nerves
coccygeal nerves
Figure 13.13
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Central Nervous
System
brain
spinal cord
sensory nerves
axons of motor nerves
somatic
subdivision
(motor functions)
autonomic
subdivision
(visceral functions)
parasympathetic
sympathetic
Peripheral Nervous System
Figure 13.14
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Slide 19
midbrain
medulla oblongata
eyes
salivary glands
heart
cervical
nerves
larynx
bronchi
lungs
stomach
liver
spleen
pancreas
thoracic
nerves
kidneys
adrenal glands
most
ganglia
near
spinal
cord
sympathetic
small intestine
upper colon
lower colon
rectum
bladder
uterus
ganglia
in
organs
lumbar
nerves
sacral
nerves
genitals
parasympathetic
Figure 13.15
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spinal cord
ganglion
nerve
vertebra
meninges
(protective
coverings)
Figure 13.16a
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primary
motor
cortex
primary
somatosensory
cortex
parietal
lobe
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
Figure 13.20
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Slide 22
Figure 13.21
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Slide 23
sensory stimuli
temporary storage in
the cerebral cortex
Input forgotten
Short-term memory
Recall
of
stored
input
Emotional state, having time
to repeat (or rehearse) input,
and associating the input
with stored categories of
memory influence transfer
to long-term storage
Long-term memory
Input irretrievable
Figure 13.23
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alertness
relaxation
(alpha rhythm)
drowsiness
sleep
coma
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Time (seconds)
Figure 13.25
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extensor muscle of knee
(quadriceps femoris)
muscle spindle
patellar tendon
motor neuron
reflex arc
Slide 26
Figure 14.4
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Meisner’s corpuscle
bulb of Krause
Ruffini endings
Figure 14.5
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free nerve endings
Pacinian corpuscle
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lungs,diaphragm
heart
stomach
liver, gallbladder
pancreas
small intestine
ovaries
colon
appendix
urinary bladder
kidney
ureter
Figure 14.6
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taste buds
ending of taste
receptor
Figure 14.7c,d
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olfactory tract from
receptors to the brain
olfactory bulb
bony plate
olfactory
receptor
cell body
Figure 14.8
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middle ear and inner ear
outer ear
Figure 14.9a
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scala vestibuli
cochlear duct
scala tympani
hair cell in organ of Corti
lumen of cochlear duct
tectorial
membrane
basilar membrane
to auditory nerve
lumen of scala tympani
Figure 14.9d,e
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sclera
retina
choroid
vitreous humor
iris
fovea
lens
optic disk
pupil
cornea
part of
optic
nerve
aqueous
humor
ciliary muscle
Figure 14.12
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rod cell
stacked, pigmented membranes
cone cell
Figure 14.15
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Slide 35
bipolar cell
ganglion
cell
rod
cone
amacrine
cell
to optic nerve
horizontal
cell
pigmented
epithelium
Fig. 14.16 (1)
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