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THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM D. C. MIKULECKY PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) AFFERENT EFFERENT NERVES NERVES EXTEROINTERORECEPTORS RECEPTORS EFFECTOR ORGANS PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SOMATIC SKELETAL MUSCLES AUTONOMIC SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES AND GLANDS THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • TWO NEURON CHAINS • SYMPATHETIC • PARASYMATHETIC SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN DORSAL DORSAL ROOT GANGLION SPINAL NERVE GREY MATTER LATERAL WHITE MATTER VENTRAL HORN VENTRAL ORGANIZATION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD TARGET ORGANS SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA TWO NEURON CHAINS PRESYNAPTIC NEURON EFFECTOR SPINE ORGAN POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON SYMPATHETIC SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA (NEAR SPINE) SPINE EFFECTOR ORGAN PARASYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA (NEAR EFFECTOR ORGAN) SPINE EFFECTOR ORGAN AUTONOMIC CONTROL IS IN BRAIN STEM • • • • HYPOTHALAMUS PITUITARY PONS MEDULLA PARASYMPATHETIC • • • • • GANGLION NEAR EFFECTOR ORGAN LONG PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS SHORT POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS “COUCH POTATO” POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS ARE CHOLINERGIC • CRANIAL AND SPINAL NERVES SYMPATHETIC • • • • • GANGLION NEAR SPINE SHORT PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS LONG POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS FLIGHT OR FIGHT POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS ARE ADRENERGIC • THORACIC AND LUMBAR NERVES EFFECTS OF ANS ORGAN HEART BLOOD VESSELS S + P - CONSTRICT(MOST ORGANS) DILATE (HEART DILATE (PENIS AND CLITORIS) ) AND SKELETAL BRONCHIOLES DILATE CONSTRICT PUPIL DIGESTION DILATE CONSTRICT INHIBIT ENHANCE DUAL INNERVATION OF MOST VISCERAL ORGANS • MOST INNERVATED BY BOTH SYSTEMS • EFFECTS ARE OPPOSITE IN MOST CASES • TONIC ACTIVITY • DOMINANCE EFFECTS OF POSTSYNAPTIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS • EPINEPHRINE:FLIGHT OR FIGHT REACTION (SYMPATHETIC) • ACETYL CHOLINE: “COUCH POTATO” RESPONSE (PARASYMPATHETIC) FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF NE IN THE JUNCTIONAL CLEFT • NEURONAL UPTAKE • DIFFUSION INTO CAPILARIES • UPTAKE INTO EFFECTOR CELLS ENTERIC SYSTEM • GI TRACT HAS AN INTRINSIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • MYENTERIC AND SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS • MORE NEURONS THAN IN SPINAL CORD THE DIGESTIVE TRACT Mucosa Logitudinal Muscle Submucosal Plexus Circular Muscle Myenteric Plexus Lumen Extrinsic Nerves CONTROL OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM External Influences Local Influences Receptors in Digestive Tract Intrinsic Nerve Plexuses Extrinsic Autonomic Nerves Smooth muscle Exocrine Gland Cells Endocrine Gland Cells GI Hormones
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