Download Rise of Hitler - BTHS World History

Introduction
0 Problems in peacekeeping
in the 1920s
0 Aggressive expansion in
the 1930s
0 Winston Churchill though,
called WWI “Hitler’s War”
0 Had a master plan for
dominating Europe
0 Reunite German Empire
and conquer Eastern
Europe
0 War was inevitable
0 Turning point 1935:
Germany rearmed
Origins of Hitler
0 Had fought in WWI, blinded by
a gas attack
0 Heard of the German surrender
while in the hospital
0 Catalyst for politics
0 Germany had almost realized
domination of Eastern Europe
0 Lost when defeated on Western
Front
0 Both Russia and Austro-
Hungarian Empires have fallen
0 Germany not in that bad of a
spot
0 Could not accept losses,
reparations
Ambitions
0 Foreign policy shaped by these
factors
0 1919, Hitler became a member
of the German Workers’ Party
0 Renamed National Socialist
German Workers’ Party in 1920
0 Hitler its leader by 1921
0 Key objectives
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Union of all Germans
End to Treaty of Versailles
Strong state
National army
Exclusion of Jews
Attempts at Power
0 1923, Nazis attempt to
seize power from
Weimar Republic
0 Munich Beer Hall
Putsch
0 Failed, Hitler sent to
prison for nine months
0 Wrote Mein Kampf
0 Autobiography and
political philosophy
0 Racist and authoritarian
theories
0 Racial purity and
Lebensraum
Transformation of Nazi Party
0 Did not do well in German
elections of 1928
0 Hitler wrote a ‘Secret Book’ in
this year
0 Developed foreign policy from
Mein Kampf
0 Stated there would be a
struggle between US and
German/British Empires
0 Wrote about admiration for
Mussolini and anger towards
Chancellor Gustav Stresemann,
who sought to return Germany
to pre-1914 borders
0 Thought it was far too limited,
wanted the USSR
Rise to Power
0 Failures of the League
0 Economic crisis particularly
influential on Weimar
Germany
0 Mass unemployment led to
Nazi Party’s success at the
polls
0 Hitler came to power legally
0 Conservatives like President
General von Hindenburg
thought he could be
controlled
0 Became Chancellor in
January 1933
Support for Hitler
0 Aggressive foreign
policy objectives are
what got him elected
0 Would have to attack
Versailles and those
who signed it
0 People believed he
would restore prestige
0 Had support of other
right-wing groups
Consolidation of Power
0 1933-34 consolidated control
0 Gained the control of the
army and industrialists who
sought rearmament
0 Regime was totalitarian,
rights of citizens subordinate
0 Geared domestic policy to
needs of expansionist
foreign policy
0 Military conscription and
rearmament helped
economy
Hitler and Short-Term Causes
of WWII
Revising the Treaty of
Versailles
0 1933-35 Hitler tries to revise
Treaty of Versailles
0 Attacked reparations, had been
suspended, announced they
would not be resumed
0 Most had already accepted this
0 Decision to rearm caused the
real problem
0 Withdrawal from Disarmament
Conference 1933
0 Increased military spending
34-35 by five times
0 Withdrew from League in 33,
rest of the world economically
down
Subsequent Steps
0 Non-Aggression Pact with
Poland in 1934
0 Secured his eastern border for
now
0 Undermined Franco-Polish
Alliance
0 Sought to unify Austria with
Germany
0 Pro-Nazi coup in Austria
unsuccessful though
0 Re-united Saar with Germany
0 1935, announced compulsory
military service, armaments
program, declared existence of
500,000 army and air force
European Response
0 Britain, France, Italy
created Stresa Front
0 Did not say how they
would stop Hitler
0 Meaningless in a month
when Britain and Germany
signed a Naval Agreement
0 Allowed for a larger
German navy, Britain’s
individual attempt at
limiting him
0 Hitler intimidating Europe
0 League cooked after
Abyssinia Crisis in 1935
German Remilitarization
0 1936 turned his attention to
western border
0 Versailles had made the
Rhineland a demilitarized zone
0 Key for France
0 Hitler’s army and confidence
growing
0 Sent 10,000 troops and 23,000
armed police into the
Rhineland in March 1936
0 No response from British or
France
0 Division in France, British
against resistance
Hitler in Spanish Civil War
0 Italy and Germany grew
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closer as a result of
Abyssinian Crisis
Together supported Franco
Nevermore than 10,000
Germans, 70,000 Italians
Wanted to test out
Germany’s improved
forces
Responsible for Guernica
in 1937
Building Support
0 Rome-Berlin Axis created
in late 1936
0 Anti-Comintern Pact with
Japan same time
0 Italy joined the pact in
1937
0 Thought they could use
Japan to counter Britain
and Russia in Asia
0 Would meet less
resistance to his
expansionist aims in
Europe
Hossbach Memorandum
0 August 1936 Hitler launched Four
Year Plan to prepare German
economy for war
0 1937, called a meeting in the Reich
0 Key military leaders present
0 Opened by saying how important
the discussion was, said it was
essentially his will
0 Key aim was preserve racial
community
0 Set a time-table, pre-1943
0 Considered threats from France
and seizing territory
0 Focused on concrete armament
0 Three people who opposed him
here all were replaced
Anschluss
0 March 1938, Hitler sent
troops into Austria
0 Encountered no military
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resistance
Britain said it had been
wrong to force a
separation between
Germany and Austria, lol
Austrian Chancellor had
called for a popular vote
99.75% for Hitler
Now had Austrian forces,
gold and iron
Takeover of Czechoslovakia
0 Next action against the
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Sudetenland
Czech leader appealed for
help from Britain and
France
France agreed, Britain
agreed, USSR will
May 1938, Hitler said he
would fight for it
Czechs had strong army
and guarantees of support
Munich Conference
0 British PM Chambelain met with
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Hitler Sept. 1938
Originally compromised, asked for
parts of Czech that wanted in
Second meeting Hitler increased
his demands, wanted all
Sudetenland
Britain mobilized its nacy
Final meeting, Britain, France, Italy
give Hitler an ultimatum, gave him
the land he wanted but nothing
more
0 Did not consult with Czechs or
Soviets
0 Renewed arms race
0 March 1939, Hitler occupied rest of
Czech