Download chapter 27 americans in world war ii

HOLT
The American Nation
Chapter 27
AMERICANS IN
WORLD WAR II
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Section 2: The Home Front
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Section 4: Victory in Asia
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Objectives:
 What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied
Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?
 What steps did the United States take to prepare for war?
 Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor?
 What were the early turning points of the war in the
Pacific?
 What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in
1942?
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HOLT, RINEHART
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HOLT
SECTION 1
The
American
Nation
Early Difficulties
Question:
What were the strengths
and weaknesses of the Allied
and Axis Powers?
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WINSTON
HOLT
SECTION 1
The
American
Nation
Early Difficulties
THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Early Difficulties
U.S. preparations for war
 increased production: agriculture
and industry
 expanded the government:
numbers and authority
 began to direct the economy
 Equip and feed American Army and
assist allies
 Public sector economic direction
 began to raise the army
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Early Difficulties
U.S. preparations for war: continued
 War Production Board: Direct
conversion of civilian industries to
serve military
 No cars built from 1942-1945
 Limits placed on cloth in clothing
(pleats and cuffs outlawed)
 Office of Price Administration
 Scarcity created by war demand for
goods could cause inflation
 Goods rationed
 Gasoline
 Sugar
 Meat coffee canned goods
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
What is the message of these propaganda
posters?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Early Difficulties
U.S. preparations for war: raising an army
 Selective Training and Service Act
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2/3 of all soldiers serving were draftees
21-35 (later expanded to 18-45)
Began in summer of 1940 (over a year before Pearl Harbor)
Army needed to grow over 50X to fight the war!
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
American Strategy In World War II
 Europe First
 Concentrate military resources on European Theatre
 Keep Britain in the war- Win Battle of Atlantic
 Caution in opening a second front in Europe (North
African Campaign begins in November 1942
 Stop Japanese offensive
 Protect Australia, New Guinea and Pacific perimeter
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor
 Clark Air force Base in the Philippines
 (America’s Far-East Fleet)
 Burma and Hong Kong
 Center’s of British power in the Pacific
 the Netherlands East Indies
 Oil resources Japan needed
 Wake Island
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
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The American Nation
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
The Bataan Death March
 Army of 70,000 Americans and Filipinos surrender- Largest
surrender of the war
 Forced to march without food or water
 Those who fell behind or stopped for water were shot
 Estimated 5000-11,000 did not live to finish the march
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Japan and prisoners of War
 1/3 of all American POWs
dies or were killed by
Japanese captors
 Japanese looked on
surrendering troops as
sub-human
 Japanese did not follow
Geneva Convention
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Early turning points of war in Pacific
 Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942)
 Stopped Japanese advance on Australia
 Offset bitterness of losses: Pearl Harbor, Bataan
 Battle of Midway
 First clear naval victory over Japan
 Weakened Japanese force in Pacific
 Guadalcanal (August-October 1942)
 First offensive in Pacific
 Tide turns in Pacific War
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AND
WINSTON
HOLT
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The American Nation
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa
 Battle of El Alamein
 British stop German drive to Suez Canal and Mid-East
oil
 Battle of Stalingrad
 Soviets stop German drive to Soviet oil fields-end of
German drive against USSR (BARBAROSSA)
 Battle of the Atlantic April 1941- Keep Britain
supplied
 America’s first offensive in Europe: Operation
Torch November 1942
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HOLT
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The American Nation
HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON