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Nazi Propaganda Nazi Propaganda was used to: • • • • • Instill in Germans a fear and hatred of Jews Instill in people in Nazi occupied Europe a fear and hatred of Jews Gain the people’s support of the Nazi’s social policies Glorify Germany Glorify the Nazis Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda Posters Anti-Semitic propaganda poster distributed by the pro-German Lithuanian Activist Front. Lithuanian citizens—Jews and nonJews alike— suffered under the Soviet occupation of Lithuania during 1940-41, but propaganda such as this equated Jews with Stalinist repression. This and similar posters were created in Germany and given to pro-Nazi groups in the Baltic region for local distribution. This is a copy of the original poster with English translation. This 1938 AntiSemitic cartoon depicts an octopus with a Star of David over its head. It is using its tentacles to encompass the globe with the intention of world domination. A spider, with a Star of David on its back, lures nonJews (victims) into its web. Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda Films The Eternal Jew is an Anti-Semitic Nazi propaganda film released in 1940. The central theme of the movie is how the racial personality traits of the Jew characterize the Jew as a wandering cultural parasite. In the film, the Jews are constantly referred to as rats. Jud Suss German adaptation of this film in 1940 is considered to be one of the most hateful depiction of Jews on film. Plot: A Jewish businessman cons the Duke of Wurttemburg By showering the corrupt duke with treasure and promises of even greater riches. As the Jew's schemes grow more elaborate and his actions more brazen, the dukedom nearly erupts into civil war. Persuaded by the Jew, the Duke all but scuttles the constitution and alienates the assembly by lifting the local ban on Jews in Stuttgart. In a final outrage, the Jew rapes a wholesome German girl and tortures her father and fiancee. When the Duke succumbs to a sudden heart attack, the assembly of Elders try the Jew and sentence him to death for having "carnal knowledge of a Christian woman." The 1940 film achieved Nazi objectives and was a great success in Germany and abroad. Anti-Jewish violence was reported after its projection in Marseilles, for example. The impact of this movie was such that its director, Veit Harlan, received the 1943 Universum Film Archiv award (the UFA was the major commercial German film studio in the early part of the 20th century) The film’s director was put on trial after the war, but he defended himself arguing the Nazis were in charge of his work Nazi Propaganda Films were used to glorify the German Nation. “Triumph of the Will” Considered to be the best propaganda film ever made. Its sole purpose was to glorify Germany. The Nazis used propaganda to gain public approval of social policies – such as its euthanasia program. This poster reads: "You are Sharing the Load! A Genetically Ill Individual Costs Approximately 50,000 Reichsmarks by the Age of Sixty." Nazi German propaganda poster with a German soldier defeating the red dragon of communism. Roughly translated the poster states, "Germany's Victory is Europe's Freedom." This poster states, “Work and Food” It was used for the November 1932 Reichstag elections. The Nazis viewed this as one of their most effective posters. This visual from the mid-1930s shows Germany in white, with the 100,000man army permitted by the Treaty of Versailles surrounded by heavily armed neighbors. This poster dates to sometime after 1936. Some argue this poster compares Hitler to Jesus. Just as a dove descended on Christ when he was baptized by John the Baptist, what looks to be an eagle hovers against the light of heaven over an idealized Hitler. The text: Long Live Germany! The text translates: "All Germany hears the Führer on the People's Receiver." The Nazis, eager to encourage radio listenership, developed an inexpensive radio receiver to make it possible for as many as possible to hear Nazi propaganda. The film “Triumph of the Will” was written, directed, and produced by Leni Riefenstahl • • • • • Each September, a pilgrimage was held in the German city of Nuremberg. Followers gathered from all over Germany to participate in torchlight marches and solemn ceremonies honoring fallen Nazis. There were big military-style parades and most important of all… A chance to see the Fuhrer in person Many Germans returned home from a rally with renewed dedication to the Nazi cause and increased devotion to Hitler. Triumph of the Will was filmed by Leni Riefenstahl at the 1934 rally at Nuremberg. Over one million Germans participated in the 1934 rally, and from then on the turnout only grew larger. It is the 1935 Nuremburg rally that is most remembered - as it was during this rally that the special announcements concerning the status of German Jews were announced…the Nuremberg Laws. The film’s most enduring and dangerous illusion is that Nazi Germany was a super-organized state. In reality, Nazi Germany was only well organized to the degree that it was a murderous police state. The Nazi government was a tangled mess of inefficient agencies and overlapping bureaucracies led by ruthless men who competed for power and would do anything to get in the favor of a superior Nazi authority and, especially, Hitler. Leni Riefenstahl combined the strengths of documentary and propaganda into a single, overwhelmingly powerful visual force. The film is a “deification” of Hitler. Considered to be the best propaganda film ever made, it is studied today in film schools as the supreme example of the documentary form. Leni Riefenstahl’s Nazi documentaries were hailed as groundbreaking film-making because, among other things, she pioneered techniques involving: – Cranes – Tracking rails – Many cameras working at the same time Leni Riefenstahl’s masterpiece earned her a Cultural Achievement Award from Joseph Goebbels’ Propaganda Minstiry. The film also won a gold medal for its artistry at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris. • For one of her films, Tiefland, (the Lowlands, which she did not finish until after the war in 1954) she used slave labor from concentration camps • At the end of the war, Riefenstahl was arrested and spent four years in a French concentration camp, but was not found guilty of war crimes. • After the war, because of her association with the Nazi Party, each time she attempted to make a film she could not get funding and was met with criticisms and protests. Leni Riefenstahl died in 2003 at the age of 103, maintaining to the end that she was politically naïve and not aware of Nazi war crimes. Here is a scene from her film, Triumph of the Will