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Transcript
World War II Background Information For The Diary of Anne Frank The United States and World War II • The United States was involved in two fights: Europe and Japan… • Pearl Harbor: Dec. 6, 1941 – Japanese planes attacked US fleet in Hawaii – 2000 US soldiers died – 21 ships and 300 planes destroyed The War With Japan • Atomic Bomb: August 6 and 9, 1945 – US dropped bomb on Hiroshima, Japan – killed 70,000-140,000 people – 100,000 died from radiation – Japan surrendered August 14th • Japanese Internment Camps in the US – thousands of distrusted JapaneseAmericans were moved Allies Axis • United States • Germany • France • Italy • United Kingdom • Japan • Soviet Union Because we are studying Anne Frank’s diary, let’s take a closer look at the German side of WWII… Germany and the Treaty of Versailles • Allies forced Germany to sign the treaty • Blamed Germany for WWI and took away territories • Germany was ordered to pay for damages in Europe Rise of Nationalistic Groups • Inflation – financial hardship, loss of faith in the government • Bad feelings after Treaty of Versailles • National Socialist German Worker’s Party, (led by Adolf Hitler) grew Political Changes • Nazis were the largest party in Germany’s legislative body in 1932 • In 1933 Hitler convinced President von Hindenburg of the Republic to appoint him Chancellor of Germany Political Changes Continued • Hitler demanded “emergency powers” for four years (and was granted the powers) • Government gave in to Hitler • Within two months of becoming Chancellor, Hitler became Germany’s ruler and began his racist practices Hitler Claimed… • “For the first time in history, a civilized nation has full gun control. Our streets will be safer, our police more efficient, and the world will follow our lead into the future.” - 1935 Hitler Took Over… •Poland •Holland •Denmark •Belgium •Norway •France (by force) • And signed a non-aggression treaty with Stalin (Soviet Union) Liberation • Took six years • Combined forces of United States, Soviet Union, England and underground forces • D-Day: June 6, 1944 The US entered the war in German occupied France • May 7, 1945 Germans surrendered – Hitler killed himself on April 30, 1945 Holocaust • “The systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.” -ushmm.org • Targeted anyone who was “different” • Over 11,000,000 people died • Greek origin: meaning “sacrifice by fire” Adolf Hitler • Dictator of Germany • Leader of the Nazi party • Blamed Jews for Germany’s bad economy – Jews were prominent in international banking Nazi • National Socialist German Worker’s Party • Abolished democratic institutions, outlawed other parties • Created SS and Gestapo – encouraged demonstrations against Jews • Based ideas on feelings of racial superiority Aryan Race • Hitler deemed this “the master race” – he decided which personal qualities were desirable in a person • “pure-blooded Germans” • “superior” • Blonde, blue eyes, pale skin – But wait… Hitler had dark hair and brown eyes! Anti-Semitism • Prejudice against people of the Jewish faith • Anti-Jewish • Encouraged by Nazis through propaganda (advertising to push an idea) Judaism • Monotheism: belief in one God • Based on the idea of “do to others what you would want them to do to you” • Follow the Hebrew Bible • Traditions include: Sabbath, prayers, holidays Racist Practices • Jews could no longer… …work in government jobs, universities, schools, radio, movies, theater or journalism, business. … practice law or medicine. …go to school with non-Jewish children. … marry or work for non-Jewish people. Racist Practices Continued • • • • Books burned Jewish shops smashed Boycotts on Jewish businesses Jews had to wear the Star of David to identify themselves • Had to live in ghettos SO… Jews tried to flee the country or hide from the Nazis Ghettos • Enclosed city districts where Jews were forced to live (isolation) • Miserable conditions • At least 1,000 ghettos in Germanoccupied countries • To “control and segregate” Jews • Assisted in the attempt at a systematic destruction of Jewish people Concentration Camps “Death Camps” • Places of mass murder and slave labor • Located all over Europe • Six million Jews killed • Five million Gypsies, Slavs, Poles • Forced to work extremely hard • Not enough food • Died of hunger, exhaustion, shot, gassed or brutally killed Genocide • Violent crimes against specific groups with intent to destroy the group’s existence • Systematic murder • “Destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves” –ushmm.org • Term was created after the Holocaust Auschwitz • Concentration camp • Poland • Responsible for killing the most Jews • A picture is worth a thousand words References • Teacher Created Materials: A Guide for using Anne Frank the Diary of a Young Girl in the Classroom • Scholastic: Teaching the Diary of Anne Frank • www.ushmm.org (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) Feb. 21, 2008 • Notes from Carrie Wagner • McDougal Littell Literature and Language 8th grade • Pictures from various internet sources