Download 10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of

10.8 Students analyze the causes
and consequences of World War II.
CH 29
The Collapse of the Old Order
1929 - 1949
The BIG PICTURE
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Stalin in Russia (Animal Farm guy)
Global depression (Great Depression)
Benito Mussolini in Italy
Adolph Hitler in Germany
Sino Japanese War
The new warfare (holocaust and nukes)
The Stalin Revolution
• Eliminates Leon Trotsky and sets out to
industrialize Russia
– Oct. 1928 = 5 Year Plans ambitious goals and
centralize the state power
– Collectivization – make small farms into massive farms
and fix the amount of food people get and make.
• 1933-34 “Terror Famine in the Ukraine” kills 5
million people due to poor harvests
• Second 5 year plan (1933 – 37) shifts from
consumer goods to weapons.
• 1933-38- THE PURGES- Widspread arrest of all
ranges of the communist party
• SHOW TRIALS 1936-38
Stalin's tactics
• Plans carried out by threat
and force
• Created the NKVD (secret
police)
• Citizens supported him in
spite of fear and hardships
• Brutal methods
industrialized the Soviet
Union faster than any
country in history
The Global Economic Depression
• Oct. 29, 1929 – New York stock market crashes
• New York banks recall loans to Germany and
Austria thus ending reparations to France and
Britain
• Tariffs, like the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, are passed
and decrease world trade by 62% from 1929 –
1932
• President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) creates the
“NEW DEAL” for the United States.
Depression in other nations
• France and Britain force their colonies to
buy their products
• Japan and Germany hurt bad because they
relied on exports
• India and China were not dependent on
foreign trade
• Southern Africa prospered because of the
increasing value of gold.
Mussolini’s Italian Fascism
• Benito Mussolini and the
“Brown Shirts” march on
Rome and demands King
Victor Emmanuel III
appoint him prime
minister
• Established the fascist
party and crushed the
opposition
• Fascism – glorifies war
and, nationalism, and
heavily relies on
propaganda.
• Imitated in Europe, Latin
America, China, and
Japan.
Hitler’s Fascist Germany
• Depression and hyperinflation in Germany blamed on
socialists, Jews, and foreigners.
• Hitler was Austrian born, WWI veteran, who became the
leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(Nazi’s).
• 1925 he is put in jail where he writes Mein Kamph (My
Struggle)
• Nazis gain support during the depression from the
unemployed.
• 1933 Hitler assumes the post of Chancellor
• 1934 declares himself Fuher of the “Third Reich”
• Creates jobs, builds a military, and gets Germany out of
the Depression.
East Asia’s road to war 1931-45
• The Manchurian Incident of 1931 –
Japanese attempt to end dependence on
other countries by taking over part of China
• Mao Zedong – Leader of the communist
party in the 1920’s
• Mao and the communists were pushed out
of China on “The Long March”
Hitler’s Road to War 1933-39
• Hitler withdrawals from the League of Nation
• Germany establishes an air force and introduces
conscription… all in violation of the Treaty of
Versailles
• Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935
• Hitler takes back the Rhineland in 1936
• 1938 Hitler invades Austria and demands German
speaking portions of Czechoslovakia back
• Munich Conference 1938 – Britain and France follow
the policy of “appeasement” and do nothing.
• Hitler and Stalin sign the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression
pact in 1939
Chinese Civil War & Communist Victory
• Japanese surrender in September of 1945 and
leave China then a civil war between the
Guomingdong and the Communist lasts until 1949
• Guonmingdong is supported by the USA
• Communist got equipment from the Soviets
• Oct. 1, 1949 Mao Zedong announces the founding
of the Peoples Republic of China
• Chaing Kia Shek and the Guongmingdong forces
are driven to Taiwan.
Sino-Japanese War 1937-45
• July 7, 1937 – Japan attacked China near Beijing.
• The USA and the League of Nations made no
attempt to stop them
• Rape of Nanking 1937 – 38 – “Kill all, burn all,
loot all.”
• Government of Chaing Kia-Shek escaped to the
mountains of Sichaun
• Mao Zedong presented the Communist party as
the only one that would fight the Japanese
WWII Begins
• WWII introduces
motorized weapons
(aircraft and aircraft
carriers)
• Blitzkrieg – “Lightning
War” Hitler’s strategy.
Used in 1938 in Poland.
Starts the war.
• Britain declares war on
Germany and ends the
policy of “appeasement”
War in Europe and North Africa
• Less than a month for Germany to take Poland
• Hitler had Europe from Spain to Russia by June
1940
• Battle of Britain – June – Sept. 1940 Hitler is
unable to take Britain because of the Royal Air
Force (RAF)
• 1943 – Hitler is defeated in Russia at Stalingrad
due to the Russian winter.
• North Africa – Italians/ Germans take Egypt and
Somalia but are stopped at Al Alamein
War in Asia and the Pacific
• July 1941 Japan takes Indochina and the US stops
shipping oil and steel to Japan
• Dec. 7 1941 – A day that will live in infamy…
Pearl Harbor attacked
• USA joins the British and the Russians forming
the ALLIES.
• By June 1942 the US’s Island Hopping campaign
in the Pacific had destroyed Japan’s 6 largest
aircraft carriers
End of the War
• 1943 – Soviet Red Army had pushed into Poland.
• The US and Britain successfully invade Sicily and
Italy
• 1944 the Allies take back France with the help of
“La Resistance” in France
• VE Day – May 8, 1945 Germany is defeated after
the Battle of the Bulge
• August 1945 US drops the Atomic Bomb on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki ending the War in the
Pacific.
End of the War
• 1943 – Soviet Red Army had pushed into Poland.
• The US and Britain successfully invade Sicily and
Italy
• 1944 the Allies take back France with the help of
“La Resistance” in France
• VE Day – May 8, 1945 Germany is defeated after
the Battle of the Bulge
• August 1945 US drops the Atomic Bomb on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki ending the War in the
Pacific.
The War of science
• Huge death toll and vast numbers of refugees.
Unprecedented human suffering.
• Development of synthetic rubber and radar
• Cryptanalysis and antibiotics (penicillin)
• Aircraft, missiles, and atomic weapons
• Bombing raids were not limited to military targets
• Fire bombing was used in cities to break the
citizens moral
The Holocaust
• Nazi policy of systematically killing civilians
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Jews
Polish Catholics
Homosexuals
Jehovah Witness’s
Gypsies
The handicapped
• Hitler’s goals was to achieve “racial purity” of the
Aryan people through the “final solution”
The Home Front
• In Europe and Asia civilians were in as much
danger as the military
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In the United States there was no fighting
Consumer goods were in short supply
Savings rates increased
Women, African and Mexican Americans moved into
jobs once reserved for white men
– Executive Order 9066 placed all western state
Japanese-Americans in internment camps
• War itself damaged the environment and increased
production caused pollution