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Depression - WWII
Life in the Roaring Twenties
• Life in US after World War I was good
• More modern conveniences freed
women from household chores
• Electricity became more available
• Other inventions included gas stoves,
toasters, sliced bread, baby food
• Radio: WSB started in Atlanta
• 1927: first talking motion picture
• Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse
The New Woman
• 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the right
to vote
• More women in the workforce
• Flappers: name given to women who took on
the new fashion – known for short hair, makeup, dancing, drinking
• First women in Georgia legislature: Bessie
Kempton Crowell & Viola Ross Napier
• Rebecca Latimer Felton first woman in U.S.
Senate
The Destruction of King Cotton
• Boll weevil: insect which ate Georgia’s
most important cash crop
• Price of cotton also dropped
• 1924: major drought (period with little or
no rain) hit Georgia
• Georgia farmers did not have the “good
life” that many Americans enjoyed
• Farms closed forcing banks and farmrelated business to close
The Great Migration
• Many tenant farmers left Georgia to
work in northern factories
• Chicago and Detroit were popular
destinations
• Many African Americans moved north
for better pay, education, and more
citizenship rights such as voting
• Young men sent north first to get jobs;
sent for the family when they had saved
enough money
The Klan Strengthens
• Targeted African Americans, Jews,
Catholics, and immigrants
• Number of members increased in every
state
• 1925: Klan march on Washington with
40,000 members
• Declining membership by the end of the
decade as members were linked to
racial terrorism
Section 2:
The Great Depression
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
–How did the Great Depression
affect Georgians?
The Bottom Drops Out
• Stock Market: Place where shares of
ownership in corporations (stock) are bought
and sold
• “Black Tuesday” – October 29, 1929: Stock
market prices fall greatly; millions of people
loose all their wealth
• Total losses by end of year: $40 billion
• Example: U.S. Steel was $262 per share –
dropped to $22 per share
• Some stocks worth less than 1¢
Causes of the Depression
• Many people had borrowed too much money
• Factories produced more goods than they could
sell
• As people and businesses had problems making
money, banks did not get paid for loans
• “Speculation” in the stock market: paying only a
portion of the price of a stock hoping that the value
will go up
• Runs on banks: people were afraid they would
lose their money if it was left in the bank
• laissez-faire: attitude that the economy would fix
itself if left alone
Living Through the Depression
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1932: 13 million unemployed
9,000 banks closed
31 Georgia banks failed
Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover –
shacks where homeless people gathered
• Soup kitchens set up by charities and
governments to feed hungry
• Schools were often forced to close or shorten
schedules
• Georgians were already suffering from economic
problems before Black Tuesday
Easing the Burden
• President Hoover’s plan: government would
buy farmer’s crops to help raise the price
• Plan did not work, but the food and cotton
were used to help the needy
• Another plan was to hire unemployed
people to do work for the government
• Plan did not employ enough people to really
help
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Match the term on left w/description
on right
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1. boll weevil
2.Laissez-Faire
3. Stock speculation
4. Depression
• A. Investing for profit
w/borrowed money
• B. hands- off
economic policy
• C. Insects that eats
cotton plants
• D. a severe decline in
business, stock,
employment
The New Deal
• 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected
president
• New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan to end the
depression
– Examined banks for soundness
– Give jobs to unemployed workers
– Tried to improve American’s lives
• Paved the way for recovery though all
programs did not work
Georgia and the New Deal
• NIRA: National Industrial Recovery Act – set
minimum wage
• Textile mill owners did not like the minimum
wage
• Stretch out: mill owners tried to make workers
work longer, faster, or more tasks
• TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority – Blue Ridge
Lake, Lake Chatuge, Lake Nottley built
• CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps – built many
parks, sewer systems, bridges, etc.
• REA: Rural Electrification Authority – brought
electric power to rural areas
African Americans During
the New Deal
• Did not benefit from many New Deal
programs
• WPA: Works Public Administration – did
employ many African Americans
• Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet”: influential
African Americans working with President
Roosevelt:
– Mary McLeod Bethune
– Clark Foreman
– Robert Weaver
– William Hastie
Georgia’s New Deal
Governors
• Richard B. Russell
– Worked to reorganize state government like a successful
business
– Elected to U.S. Senate and served for 38 years
• Eugene Talmadge
– Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia
• Eurith “Ed” Rivers
– Worked with Roosevelt to increase New Deal spending in
Georgia
– Began programs for public housing
– Term ended with corruption problems
Georgia’s New Deal
Governors
• Talmadge re-elected in 1940
– Began to use some New Deal programs
– Used his power as governor to remove state
officials working to integrate Georgia’s state
colleges
• Ellis Arnall
– Reformed Board of Regents and state prisons
– Removed poll tax
– New state constitution
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Section 3:
The New Deal
• Define?
– New Deal
– minimum wage
– stretch out
– collective bargaining
– rural electrification
– subsidy
– integrate
Section 3:
The New Deal
• Who am I and what is my contribution?
– Franklin D. Roosevelt
– Richard B. Russell
– Ellis Arnall
– Eugene Talmadge
• SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World
War II on Georgia's development economically,
socially, and politically. a. Describe the impact of
events leading up to American involvement in World War
II;
• include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. b.
Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases,
the Savannah and Brunswick
• shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson. c. Explain
the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians. d. Discuss the
ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his
impact on the state.
Leading up to WWII
• Germany is blamed for WWI (affected politically,
socially, and economically)
• Germany can’t build up military
• Germany, Japan, and Italy create an alliance
bka Axis Powers (gain control of Europe and Far
East –territory and resources)
• Germany attacked & gained control of Poland
reaction: G. Britain & France declare war on
Germany
• WWII Sept. 1. 1939
1939 in GA
• New Deal programs in effect
– Unemployment is less
– Prices are stabilizing for agriculture
– Rural areas are improving in technology
– Banks are reopening/ depositors
– Still the US in Depression
Who’s Fighting?
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Axis Powers
Germany
Japan
Italy
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Allied Powers
G. Britain
France
Russia
China
Australia
Canada
US
• By July 1940, Axis Powers control most of
Europe (Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark)
• 1941-Yugoslavia, Greece, & Russia (*the
capital of Russia did not fall)
• 1942 Italy had sights on N. Africa by way
of Egypt. British forces forced them back
US & WWII
• US provided supplies & arms to Great
Britain (Lend-Lease Act)
• US practiced an embargo on Japan
• Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7,
1941-2,400 servicemen were killed
• US fought on 2 fronts: Germany & Italy in
Europe and Africa; Japan in Pacific
• Late 1942 British & US invade N. Africa and win
control in May of 1943
• US enact draft (young men must register with
selective service)
• Italian people overthrew dictator (Mussolini) and
joined the side of the Allies
• By fall 1942 Allies gained control of the Pacific
Islands
• June 6, 1944 D-Day (allies landed on Normandy
beach)
• By early 1945 allies pushed Germany out
of France back to Germany
• Russian army recaptured 4 smaller
countries (Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, and
Romania)
• Early April US and British forces meet at
the interior of Germany
• April 30 Hitler committed suicide
Yalta Conference
• Secret 8 day meeting
• 1. est United Nations ( peace keeping
organization)
• 2. Soviet union would be offered territory
lost in earlier war w/Japan
• 3. Soviet Union given eastern Poland &
Poland would receive part of Germany
• 4. Germany would be divided into 4 zones.
Russia, France, Britain, and US would
occupy and govern a zone
• Japan surrendered on Aug. 15, 1945 after
the US bombed Hiroshima & Nagasaki
GA Benefits from wwII
• Military bases- Ft. Benning-infantry
training; Ft. McPherson-induction center 4
newly drafted soldier; Ft. Gillemtransporting
• Americus and Augusta- German prisoner
war camps
• Lockheed in Marietta- B-29 bomber (bka
Bell Bomber Plant)30,000
WWII on society
• Women have entered workforce; so
women are taking more of a
leadership/independent role in the family
• Farmers produce peanuts (oil),
vegetables, cotton, and livestock to feed
allies & US
• 1944 yrly farm income was 3x than in
1940
Legislation
• 1. draft enacted- males 18 yrs. of age
must register w/ selected service
• 2. Tax on income>US treasury
• 3. Serviceman’s Readjustment Act bka GI
Bill-made low cost loans to veterans to buy
homes/start a business. Paid tuition &
books for college