Download Holocaust - Pasadena City College

Wei Deng
Mark Gonzales
Peter Huerta
Enrique Martinez
Adolf Hitler
Leader of the Nazi Party
In 1921, Hitler took over the party DAP, which was the German’s Working
party. “He gave the party a new name: The National Socialist German
Worker’s Party. This was a shortened to the acronym “Nazi” from the
first syllable of NAtional and the second syllable of soZIalist.”
“In the Development of the Nazi state, Hitler’s personality and ideas naturally
played and important role. One of his most critical beliefs was in the
social Darwinism – the idea that within society or politics constant
struggle would lead the fittest to survive.”
After losing WWII, Hitler blamed Jews and disabled people for all loses and
all problems. He wanted a “pure” and perfect population and therefore
came out with “The Final Solution”.
Reinhard Heydrich and Rolf Otto Schiller were some of the key SS
Majors who helped Hitler carry out his plan.
Matthew Hughes, and Chris Mann. Inside Hitler’s Germany: Life Under the Third Reich.
Virginia: Dulles, 2002
A HOLOCAUST TIMELINE
Jan 30, 1933 - Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany, a nation with a Jewish population of
566,000.
March 24, 1933 - German Parliament passes Enabling Act giving Hitler dictatorial powers.
April 1, 1933 – Nazis stage boycott of Jewish shops and businesses.
April 26, 1933 - The Gestapo is born, created by Hermann Göring in the German state of Prussia.
July 14, 1933 - Nazi Party is declared the only legal party in Germany; Also, Nazis pass Law to strip Jewish
immigrants from Poland of their German citizenship.
In July - Nazis pass law allowing for forced sterilization of those found by a Hereditary Health Court to have
genetic defects.
Sept 29, 1933 - Nazis prohibit Jews from owning land.
Jan 24, 1934 - Jews are banned from the German Labor Front.
May 17, 1934 - Jews not allowed national health insurance.
Aug 19, 1934 - Hitler receives a 90 percent 'Yes' vote from German voters approving his new powers.
July 22, 1934 - Jews are prohibited from getting legal qualifications.
Aug 19, 1934 - Hitler receives a 90 percent 'Yes' vote from German voters approving his new powers.
June 26, 1935 - Nazis pass law allowing forced abortions on women to prevent them from passing on
hereditary diseases.
www.historyplace.com/worlwar2
Sept 27, 1938 - Jews are prohibited from all legal practices.
Oct 5, 1938 - Law requires Jewish passports to be stamped with a large red "J."
Nov 15, 1938 - Jewish pupils are expelled from all non-Jewish German schools.
Feb 21, 1939 - Nazis force Jews to hand over all gold and silver items.
April 30, 1939 - Jews lose rights as tenants and are relocated into Jewish houses.
In May - St. Louis, a ship crowded with 930 Jewish refugees, is turned away by Cuba, the United States and other countries
and returns to Europe.
Sept 1, 1939 - Nazis invade Poland (Jewish pop. 3.35 million, the largest in Europe). Beginning of SS activity in Poland.
Sept 1, 1939 - Jews in Germany are forbidden to be outdoors after 8 p.m. in winter and 9 p.m. in summer.
Sept 23, 1939 - German Jews are forbidden to own wireless (radio) sets.
Oct 6, 1939 - Proclamation by Hitler on the isolation of Jews.
In Jan - A pogrom in Romania results in over 2,000 Jews killed
June 29/30 - Romanian troops conduct a pogrom against Jews in the town of Jassy, killing 10,000.
Sept 1, 1941 - German Jews were ordered to wear yellow stars.
Sept 27/28 - 23,000 Jews killed at Kamenets-Podolsk, in the Ukraine.
In Nov - SS Einsatzgruppe B reports a tally of 45,476 Jews killed.
Dec 11, 1941 - Hitler declares war on the United States. Roosevelt then declares war on Germany saying, "Never before has
there been a greater challenge to life, liberty and civilization." The U.S.A. then enters the war in Europe and will concentrate
nearly 90 percent of its military resources to defeat Hitler.
www.historyplace.com/worlwar2
Jan 31, 1942 - SS Einsatzgruppe A reports a tally of 229,052 Jews killed.
June 30 and July 2 - The New York Times reports via the London Daily Telegraph that over
1,000,000 Jews have already been killed by Nazis.
Oct 22, 1942 - SS put down a revolt at Sachsenhausen by a group of Jews about to be sent to
Auschwitz.
In Nov - The mass killing of 170,000 Jews in the area of Bialystok.
Dec 10, 1942 - The first transport of Jews from Germany arrives at Auschwitz.
In Dec - Exterminations at Belzec cease after an estimated 600,000 Jews have been murdered.
he camp is then dismantled, plowed over and planted.
In 1943 - The number of Jews killed by SS Einsatzgruppen passes one million. Nazis then use
special units of slave laborers to dig up and burn the bodies to remove all traces.
April 1943 - Newly built gas chamber/crematories open at Auschwitz. With their completion, the
four new crematories at Auschwitz have a daily capacity of 4,756 bodies.
Jan 27, 1945 - Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz. By this time, an estimated 2,000,000 persons,
including 1,500,000 Jews, have been murdered there.
April 30, 1945 - Hitler commits suicide in his Berlin bunker
April 30, 1945 - Americans free 33,000 inmates from concentration camps.
www.historyplace.com/worlwar2
Newspaper Headlines
•
In Sep 4, 1933 Alzada Comstock
wrote an article about “Nazi
Germany’s Recovery Program”
•
The Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune
wrote a “5 Million Jews Slain by
Nazis at Auschwitz, Hungarian Says”
article on Wednesday April 11, 1945
•
Der Stürmer published “The time is
near when a machine will go into
motion which is going to prepare a
grave for the world's criminal - Judah
- from which there will be no
resurrection." January 1940
Direct Quotes from people in
Response to the Genocide
“This war no longer bears the characteristics of former inter-European
conflicts. It is one of those elemental conflicts which usher in a new
millennium and which shake the world once in a thousand years.” -Hitler
speaking to the Reichstag, April 26, 1942.
"When Hitler shouted "on to victory" he was urging his countrymen to
exterminate Jews, making way for the "pure" Aryan race. That sick
agenda was no joke: Six million Jews perished in Europe before the world
defeated Hitler.Hitler used soldiers, fear and torture to advance his agenda
and hid the evidence by burning the bodies of innocent Jews in ovens or by
dumping them in mass graves. It took a bloody world war to stop the
Holocaust. Tens of thousands of soldiers died in that war, including
thousands of Americans.Why did Hitler and Goebbels hate Jews? Because
they were Jews, period. Their hatred still lives in the minds of some
demented admirers of Hitler's racist doctrine."
The Charlotte Observer, N.C. Nov. 8 2006.
•
•
Bard, Mitchell G. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to World War II. Indianapolis, Indiana, 1999.
When Kids Play With Evil, Adults Must Take It Seriously." Editorial. Knight Ridder Tribune
Business News. Washington: 8 Nov. 2006, pg. 1. Proquest. Pasadena City College, Shatford
Library. 9 Nov. 2006.
Genocide Photojournalist
and Reporters
Some of the Journalist and photographers who covered the genocide were:
•
•
•
Erich Salomon
Died 1944
Photojournalist
Philip Mechanicus
Died 1945
Journalist
•
Milena Jesenská
Died 1944
Journalist
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_victims
The Victims
Adolf Hitler's regime, the Third Reich, killed
approximately 6 million Jews, and 7 million other
Europeans in the Death Camps from 1933 to 1945.
The languages most spoken by
the victims affected were:
•
Italian
•
Norwegian
•
Polish
•
Byelorussian
•
Romany
•
Croatian
•
Rumanian
•
Czech
•
Russian
•
Dutch
•
Serbian
•
English
•
Slovak Ukrainian
•
French
•
Yiddish.
•
German
•
Greek
•
Hungarian
•
Hebrew
http://www.heritageabroad.gov/projects/poland3.html
International Response
Evian Conference: The Evian Conference was convened at initiative of the US President Franklin D.
Roosevelt in July 1938 to discuss the problem of Jewish refugees. For nine days delegates from thirty
two countries met at Evian-les-Brains, France. However not much was accomplished, since most
western countries were reluctant to accept Jewish refugees. The conference did not pass a resolution
condemning German treatment of the Jews.
The International Red Cross did relatively little to save Jews during the Holocaust and discounted reports of
the organized Nazi genocide, such as of the murder of Polish Jewish prisoners that took place at Lublin
that the Red Cross discounted. At the time, the Red Cross justified its actions by suggesting that aiding
Jews prisoners would harm its ability to help other Allied POWs. In addition, the Red Cross claimed
that if it would take a major stance to improve the situation of those European Jews, the neutrality of
Switzerland, where the International Red Cross was based, would be jeopardized. Today, the Red Cross
acknowledges its passivity during the Holocaust, and has apologized for this.
Pope Pius XII: Although he did not publicly speak out against the murder of the Jews during the Holocaust,
the Vatican did take action to save many Jews in Italy from deportation, including sheltering several
hundred Jews in the catacombs of St. Peter’s Basilica. In his Christmas addresses of 1941 and 1942, the
pontiff was forceful on the topic but did not mention the Nazis by name. The Pope encouraged the
bishops to speak out against the Nazi regime and to open the religious houses in their dioceses to hide
Jews. In recent years, the Vatican has expressed its remorse for not speaking out with more authority
against the genocide.
Throughout the war, the Allied Powers never tried bombing the death camp of Auschwitz or the train tracks
leading there. The Allies said that their planes couldn’t reach the death camp from the airbase and that
an airstrike would not be precise enough to ensure the safety of the inmates. Many accusers state that
bombing Auschwitz, even if they would have killed all the Jewish inmates, would all together save
many more Jews, since the Nazis kept gassing Jews for a long time.
•
•
Makinda, Sam. “Following postnational signs: the trail of human rights.” Futures 37 (Nov. 2005):943-957.
Power, Samantha. A Problem from Hell, America and the Age of Genocide. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
Effects to the Genocide
The Holocaust played an important role to the creation the United Nations
The United Nations, also known as the the League of Nations, “was the first
international organization created to maintain peace on the novel idea of
"collective security”. Formed in the wake of World War I, the League failed
in its primary mission -- keeping the world at peace”.
By the end of WWII, in 1945, the war killed an estimated 61 million people in
Europe, Asia and North Africa, the Holocaust itself having 7 million deaths.
“The United Nations became official on October 24,1945 -- the first United
Nations Day -- when the charter came into force after ratification by all of
The Big Five -- the US, the USSR, the UK, China and France -- and a
majority of the other conference attendees. “
“Timeline”.pbs.org/kofiannan
A HOLOCAUST EMBLEM
The Star of David is a representation of Jewish people. Nazis forced Jews to wear a yellow badge
of the Star of David so they may identify them. The Red Swastika placement in the middle of
the Star of David is a representation of Nazi party staining Jewish history. While the Swastika
is normally black, it is made red to represent the blood-stain memory the party now has. The
symbol is a reminder of how painful the memory of the Holocaust is.
Concentration Camps and countries
involved in the Holocaust
Foods from the Country/Region
where the Genocide took place
•
Bigos is a traditional stew typical of Polish cuisine and Lithuanian cuisine that
many consider the Polish National Dish. Typical ingredients include fresh and
fermented white cabbage various cuts of meat and Sausage, Tomatoes, Honey and
Mushroom.
•
Borscht is a vegetable soup, usually including beet roots, which give it a strong red
color. The soup is called barsciai in Lithuanian, is often given as Borschtsch in
German (however in East Prussia where the dish was native it was called Bartsch),
barszcz in Polish, borshch in Russian and Ukrainian, and bors in Romanian.
•
Oszczypek is a smoked cheese from Poland and Slovakia. It is an important symbol
of the cultural and culinary heritage of Poland's Podhale region in the Tatra
mountains (around the town of Zakopane). Oscypek is created from sheep's milk,
although cow's milk is sometimes added. The original oscypek is always made with
unpasteurized sheep's milk, which is first turned into cottage cheese. This is then
repeatedly rinsed with boiling water and squeezed. After this, the mass is pressed
into wooden, spindle-shaped forms in decorative shapes. The forms are then placed
in a brine-filled barrel for a night or two, after which they are placed close to the
roof in a special wooden hut and cured in hot smoke for up to 14 days.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
"A Holocaust Lesson: When Kids Play With Evil, Adults Must Take It
Seriously." Editorial. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. Washington: 8 Nov. 2006, pg.
1. Proquest. Pasadena City College, Shatford Library. 9 Nov. 2006 Bard, Mitchell G. The
Complete Idiot’s Guide to World War II. Indianapolis, Indiana, 1999.
Bugajski, Janusz. "Poland." World Book Millennium 2000. 2000.
Makinda, Sam. “Following postnational signs: the trail of human rights.” Futures 37 (Nov.
2005):943-957.
Matthew Hughes, and Chris Mann. Inside Hitler’s Germany: Life Under the Third Reich.
Virginia: Dulles, 2002
Power, Samantha. A Problem from Hell, America and the Age of Genocide. New York: Basic
Books, 2002.
Sheehan, James J. "Germany." World Book Millennium 2000. 2000.
“Timeline”.pbs.org/kofiannan When Kids Play With Evil, Adults Must Take It
Seriously." Editorial. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. Washington: 8 Nov. 2006, pg.
1. Proquest. Pasadena City College, Shatford Library. 9 Nov. 2006.
wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_victims
Wikipedia. 25 Oct. 2006. 2 Nov. 2006. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borscht>.
Wikipedia. 29 Sept. 2006. 2 Nov. 2006. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscypek>.
www.heritageabroad.gov/projects/poland3.html
www.historyplace.com/worlwar2