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Nuremberg Laws
to Death Camps
The Nuremberg laws, Kristallnacht, and the
Ghettos
“Nature is cruel, so we may be cruel, too… I
have the right to remove millions of an inferior
race that breeds like vermin”-Hitler
o The NAZI party and
Adolf Hitler seized
power in 1933 and
slowly began their
program against the
Jews of Germany
o Each new year in
Germany led to
harsher policies
directed towards the
Jews.
o Hitler believed in
Social Darwinism –
the idea that society
operated on the
principle of "Survival
of the Fittest".
o For Hitler, the
European "Master
Race" was blonde
haired, blue-eyed
and white-skinned –
the Aryan race
It was the Nazi
women's role to
produce
racially pure
Germans for the
Reich.
All 10 year old boys join the
Hitler Youth Organization
It was the duty of
young men to fight
for the Reich.
o Hitler believed the
nation had become
weak, corrupted by the
infusion of degenerate
elements into its
bloodstream.
o In his opinion, these
had to be removed as
quickly as possible.
o targeted those humans
they identified as "life
unworthy of life”
This is what this person suffering from hereditary defects . Costs the Community of Germans during his lifetime
Fellow Citizen, that is your money, too
Man being measured by an Aryan
caliper, to determine if his nose is
too wide to be German
The Nazi regime
relied on a range
of pseudoscientific
disciplines to
identify
individuals of
superior or
inferior heredity.
"If inferior people have 4 children while higher-quality people have 2, this is what
will happen."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADixIqj8XyA
A cemetery of "euthanasia" victims.
•The Jewish Population
in Germany was less
than 1%
•Existing stereotypes
and prejudice against
Jews gave Hitler a
convenient scapegoat
for the economic
problems that had been
created by WWI and the
Depression.
Anti-Semitic Nazi Propaganda poster.
It reads:
Recognize the true enemy with the yellow star."
o Two months after
being named
Chancellor of
Germany, Hitler
announced a
boycott of all Jewish
shops, goods,
doctors, and
lawyers.
Nazi Propaganda –
1941 Lithuanian 'Jews are your eternal enemies!
Stalin and Jews are the gang of criminals!'
o Many Jews decided to
leave Germany to escape
the growing persecution in
Germany.
o It was incredibly difficult
to obtain exit visas
o Emigrants were faced
with high taxes upon
leaving Germany
o Many emigrants
encountered hostility
from the countries they
chose to move to.
How Hitler Made Hatred Legal
o Took away German citizenship
from all full Jews and prohibited
Jews from flying the German flag
o Prohibited inter marriage
between Jews and Aryans or any
other type of relationship
o Prohibited Jews from employing
Germans as domestic servants
o Limited type of work they were
allowed to do
o The original Nuremberg Laws
continued to be amended in the
years 1935 to 1939, causing the
Nazi regime to gain even more
control over the lives of Jews
living in Germany.
Jews are
not
Allowed to:
Marry or have
Sex with
Aryans
Hire Aryan
Women
As maids
Have the
Rights of
citizenship
The Night of Broken Glass
o 1938 Nazi Storm
Troopers attacked
Jewish homes,
businesses and
synagogues
o Murdered close
to 100 people
o Jewish
Community had
to pay for the
damages
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uine5MhOc0I
o Himmler sent four specially
trained SS units called
“Einsatzgruppen
battalions” into German
occupied territory and
shot at least 1 million Jews.
o Victims were taken to
deserted areas where they
were made to dig their
own graves and shot.
o When the SS ran out of
bullets they sometimes
killed their victims using
flame throwers.
o In January 1942,
Himmler decided to
change tactics once
again and called a
special conference at
Wannsee.
o At this conference it
was decided that the
existing methods were
too inefficient and that
a new ‘Final Solution’
was necessary.
Women, children, the
old & the sick were to
be sent for ‘special
treatment.’
The young and fit would go
through a process called
‘destruction through work.’
On arrival the Jews
would go through a
process called
‘selection.’
The remaining
Jews were to be
shipped to
‘resettlement
areas’ in the
East.
Shooting was too
inefficient as the bullets
were needed for the war
effort
Jews were to be
rounded up and put
into transit camps
called Ghettos
Conditions in the Ghettos were
designed to be so bad that many
die while the rest would be
willing to leave these areas in the
hope of better conditions
The Jews living in
these Ghettos were to
be used as a cheap
source of labor.
o At the Wannsee conference
it was decided that if one of
person’s parents was Jewish,
then they were Jewish.
o However, if only one of their
grandparents had been
Jewish then they could be
classified as being German.
o In 1940, all Jews had to have
their passports stamped with
the letter ‘J’ and had to wear
the yellow Star of David on
their jacket or coat.
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Oskar : It was not long before I was assigned to supervise the
luggage collection of an incoming transport.
When this was over, it was just like a fairground, there was lots of
rubbish left and amongst this rubbish were ill people, those unable
to walk. And the way these people were treated really horrified me.
For example, a child who was lying there naked was simply pulled
by the legs and chucked into a lorry to be driven away, and when it
screamed like a sick chicken, then they bashed it against the edge
of the lorry, so it shut up.
SS private Oskar Gröning
We were convinced by our world view that we had been betrayed
by the entire world, and that there was a great conspiracy of the
Jews against us.
Interviewer: But surely, when it comes to children you must realize
that they cannot possibly have done anything to you?
Oskar Gröning: The children, they're not the enemy at the moment.
The enemy is the blood inside them. The enemy is the growing up
to be a Jew that could become dangerous. And because of that the
children were included as well.
Interviewer: But … aren't you sorry that you made your own life
more comfortable while millions actually died?
Oskar Gröning: Absolutely not. Everybody is looking out for them
selves. So many people died in the war, not only Jews.
So many things happened, so many were shot, so many snuffed it.
People burnt to death, so many were burnt, if I thought about all of
that I wouldn't be able to live one minute longer.
… The special situation at Auschwitz led to friendships of which I'm
still saying today I like to look back on with joy.
Children Dying of Starvation
in the Warsaw Ghetto
Building the
Ghettos
Jews were
forced to build
the walls that
would cut off
the Jewish
ghetto from the
rest of society.
Filth in the
Streets
The Jews in the
ghettoes lived
in extreme
poverty and
filth. Many
children lost
their parents to
disease and
were left as
orphans to fend
for themselves.
Survival in the
Ghettos
Jewish children
hold each
other over the
high walls to
receive
contraband
items from
friends outside
the ghettoes.
Death in the
Ghettos
Hundreds of
Jews were
dying each
day in the
ghettoes due
to starvation
and disease.
Schindler List
Moving from the ghettos
53:26 – 1:10:30
o The SS guards who murdered the Jews
were brainwashed with Anti-Semitic
propaganda.
o The Jews were transported in cattle
cars in terrible conditions.
o Naked, dirty and half starved people
look like animals, which helped to
reinforce the Nazi propaganda.
o The SS used to train their new guards
by encouraging them to set fire to a
pit full of live victims – usually children.
What tactics did the Nazis use to get
the Jews to leave the Ghettos?
Deception
The Jews were told
that they were going
to ‘resettlement
areas’ in the East.
In some Ghettos
the Jews had to
purchase their
own train tickets.
They were told
to bring the
tools of their
trade and pots
and pans.
New arrivals at the
Death camps were
given postcards to
send to their friends.
Tactics
Starvation
The Jews in the
Warsaw Ghetto were
only fed a 1000
calories a day .
Terror
A Human being needs
2400 calories a day to
maintain their weight
The SS publicly shot people
for smuggling food or for
any act of resistance
Hungry people are
easier to control
..and the systematic destruction of
humanity
Arrival at the camp…
Deception: At Auschwitz the trains pulled into a mock up of a normal station.
Entrance
Auschwitz Orchestra
At some death camps the Nazis would play records of classical music to
help calm down the new arrivals.
Branded like Cattle
Heads are shaved and uniforms are given
Most of the camp’s prisoners were
forced to wear identifying overalls
with colored badges according to
the category they were set under:
•Red = Communists &
Other Politicians
Green = Common
Criminals
•Pink= Homosexual Men
•Purple=Jehovah’s Witnesses
•Black= Gypsies & Lesbians
•Yellow= Jews
Schindler’s List
Children shipped to death camps
2:03:15 – 2:06:45
Life in the camp…
o Twins, dwarfs, and others scientific
experiments
o Mothers, children, the old & sick  sent
straight to the ‘showers’ which were
really the gas chambers. DEATH
o The able bodied were sent to work
camp were they were killed through a
process known as ‘destruction through
work.’
o Attractive females “special” servants
of SS officers
o Nazis experimented on large numbers
of concentration camp prisoners.
o Typically, the experiments resulted in
death, disfigurement or permanent
disability.
Gypsy children at Auschwitz who were part of medical experiments.
Most such experiments were "terminal."
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A victim of a Nazi medical experiment is immersed in icy water
at the Dachau concentration camp. SS doctor. Germany, 1942.
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A prisoner in a
compression
chamber loses
consciousness
(and later dies)
during an
experiment to
determine
altitudes at
which aircraft
crews could
survive without
oxygen. Dachau,
Germany, 1942.
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A victim of
Nazi medical
experiments
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A Romani (Gypsy)
victim of Nazi
medical
experiments to
make seawater
potable. Dachau
concentration
camp, Germany,
1944.
o A Soviet
prisoner of
war, victim
of a
tuberculosis
medical
experiment,
late 1944.
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disfiguring scars
resulted from
incisions made
by medical
personnel that
were purposely
infected with
bacteria, dirt,
and slivers of
glass.
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Mengle used the Ovitz family to lecturing on their
inferior genetics. He also created a film for Adolf
Hitler’s amusement staring the Ovitz family. The Ovit
family sang German songs when ordered to do so out
of terror. Shortly before the request they had
witnessed two newcomer dwarfs being killed and
boiled so their bones could be exhibited in a Nazi
museum.
Eva Kor and her Twin Sister
This photo was taken by the Nazis to show just how you
could quite literally work the fat of the Jews by feeding
them 200 calories a day
Same group of Jews 6 weeks later
Messages left
on Walls.
What would
you write?
Notice how the Death
camp is set out like a
factory complex
The Nazis used
industrial methods to
murder the Jews and
process their dead
bodies
Rumors of Gas Chambers
1:56:57 – 2:00:00
o The Nazis would force
large groups of
prisoners into small
cement rooms and
drop canisters poison
in its crystal form
through small holes in
the roof.
o These gas chambers
were sometimes
disguised as showers
or bathing houses.
The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber
The outside of the Gas
Chamber
Notice the Ovens easy located near the Gas Chambers
Killing was a business…
The Ovens
Processing the bodies
o Specially selected
Jews were used to
to remove the
gold fillings and
hair of people who
had been gassed.
o These Jews were
also forced to feed
the dead bodies
into the
crematorium.
Schindler’s List
o Rumors of Gas Chambers
1:56:57 – 2:00:00
Burning of bodies /destroying
evidence
2:13:50 – 2:16:20
Erasing the evidence…
Schindler’s List
o Burning of bodies /destroying evidence
2:13:50 – 2:16:20
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The Nazis aimed to kill
11 million Jews at the
Wannsee Conference
in 1941
The Nazis managed to
kill at least 6 million
Jews.
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Men like Schindler
helped Jews escape the
Final Solution.
Not all Jews went quietly
into the gas chambers.
In 1943, the Warsaw
Ghetto, like many others
revolted against the
Nazis when the Jews
realized what was really
happening.
o According to the evidence, the
commission said the Germans had moved
out up to 60,000 inmates - those still fit
enough to walk - when they retreated. The
few thousand who were left behind were
freed by the Russians.
o They also found seven tons of women's hair,
human teeth, from which gold fillings had
been extracted and tens of thousands of
children's outfits.
What the Soviets found….
oThousands would die only weeks after
being liberation from malnutrition and
disease
oThe small percentage of inmates who
survived resembled skeletons because of
the demands of forced labor and the
lack of food, compounded by months
and years of maltreatment.