Download WWII- section 1

WORLD WAR II
1939-1945
(U.S. involvement 1941-1945)
The U.S. is watching
• The U.S. is frightened as dictators in
Europe and Asia sought to solve their
nations problems by extending their power
at the expense of other nations.
What was going on after WWI
• In the 20’s and 30’s dictators came to power in
Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union.
• Totalitarian government controlled life.
• They used terror to suppress individual rights.
What is Fascism
• Fascism places the importance of the nation
over the value of the individual.
• Germany and Italy were 2 countries that
believed in this philosophy.
Italy and Mussolini
• Mussolini felt Italy had been
shortchanged in the peace
settlement after the war.
• In 1919 he joined the fascist
party with other dissatisfied
war veterans.
• His nickname was Il Duce,
and he would later establish a
dictatorship.
1935
• Mussolini
invades
Ethiopia, in
eastern
Africa.
The rise of Hitler
• He was frustrated by
WWI and the terms of
the peace settlement.
• He belonged to the
Nazi party
• He tried to overthrow
the government and
was put in jail for 9
months
While in prison. . .
• Hitler wrote Mein
Kampf.
• Included was the Nazi
philosophy
• Germany’s problems
• His plan for action.
Who did Hitler blame?
• He was very critical of the Jewish
population.
• He blamed them for Germany’s defeat in
WWI
What did Hitler want?
• 1. Strengthen the military
• 2. Expand the borders of Germany
• 3. Purify the Aryan race. ( To purify
Germany he wanted to remove undesirables
or JEWS)
• SO MANY PROBLEMS ARE ABOUT TO
BEGIN!!!
Post WWI problems for Germany
• Huge debts
• High unemployment
Promises by Hitler
• Stabilize the country
• rebuild the economy
and restore the empire
• (the people believed in
him)
Hitler as Head of State
• Because of his
promises of better
times in Germany, he
became head of state
in 1933.
Now that he is in, what will
happen?
• Silenced his
opposition
• suspended civil
liberties
• and was given
dictatorial powers
• he is now DER
FUHRER.
Hitler wants to expand
• March 1936, he moves
into the Rhineland.
• This is an area in western
Germany, around the
Rhine River.
• According to the Treaty of
Versailles, Germany’s
military is not allowed to
be there.
• But no one threatens to
attack Germany.
Also that year. . .
• Hitler signs an
alliance with Italy.
• The two together will
become known as the
AXIS powers.
• Japan would later join.
What does he want now?
• 1938- Hitler
annexes
Austria
• Later demands
the Sudetenland
Why was Hitler getting away
with this?
• Britain and France
followed a policy of
appeasement- or
giving into demands to
maintain peace.
• They remembered
WWI and the costs
associated with it.
March 1939
• Hitler annexes
the rest of
Czechoslovakia
• He is warned that
further
expansion risked
war.
Britain and France have had
enough!
• These two countries
pledge support to
Poland in case of
attack.
Hitler is still wanting more.
• He signs a treaty
with the Soviet
Union, so he
would have no
threat from the
east.
• Also a smart
move because of
Russia’s size.
September 1, 1939
• Hitler invades
Poland.
• WWII has
begun!!!
September 3, 1939
Britain and France declare war on
Germany.
Blitzkreig
• Germany is using the tactic
of “lightening warfare” or
blitzkreig. This is striking
quickly and deeply into
enemy territory.
• Because of this, Germany
will take Poland in less
than 1 month.
• Stalin and the Soviet
Union attack and seize
eastern Poland as part of
their agreement with
Germany.
Another conquest for Germany.
• April 9,
1940
• Hitler and
Germany
attack
Denmark
and
Norway
And still more for Germany
• May 10
• Netherlands,
Belgium and
France are
quickly
overwhelmed
June 14, 1939
• German’s enter Paris,
France.
• A few days later
France surrenders.
• How did this picture
make France feel?
• How did it make
America feel?
Who is left?
• Great
Britain is
now the
only ally
left.
1936-1939
Germany has taken over most of
Europe. Will they ever stop?
NO STOPPING NOW!
– Germany’s next
target is Great
Britain.
– Their Prime
Minister is
Winston
Churchill.
– Churchill says “ We
will defend our
island at all costs.”
A major battle is about to begin.
The Battle of Britain
• Known for the most
massive air assaults
ever.
• 1,000 planes a day
rained bombs on
Britain.
Churchill’s speech
– What General Weygand has called the Battle of France is over. The
Battle of Britain is about to begin. Upon this battle depends the
survival of Christian civilization. Upon it depends our own British
life, and the long continuity of our institutions and our Empire. The
whole fury and might of the enemy must very soon be turned on us.
Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this Island or lose the
war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of
the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail,
then the whole world, including the United States, including all that
we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark
Age made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights
of perverted science. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties,
and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its
Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, "This was
their finest hour."
– Winston Churchill
– House of Commons, June18th 1940
Great Britain will put up a fight
Just when you think things
couldn’t get much worse. . .
• Japan
enters the
picture
What does Japan want?
• 1. Raw materials
• 2. Markets to sell their goods in.
• 3. Land for their growing population
• Japan is eager to establish an empire.
• They have been on the move since 1931
What is Japan doing in 1931?
• Seize
Manchuria
1937- Japan is in China
• The leader of
the Chinese
army is Jiang
Jieshi or Chaing
Kai-Shek.
• By 1940 Japan
controls most of
eastern China.
America’s concern level begins
to grow.
What should we do?
• We begin a naval
buildup.
• Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
is now the home for
the American Pacific
Fleet.
What do citizens want?
WAR
• U.S. should remain
neutral
• They support a policy
of isolationism.
The Draft
• September 1940
• U.S. passes the first
peacetime draft.
• All males 21-36 years
old must register for
service.
Lend-Lease Act
• March 1941- Congress
passes the LendLease Act
• This authorizes the
President to aid any
nation vital to
American security.
• The U.S. begins
sending aid to Britain.
We are preparing for war
• 1941- FDR freezes assets of Japan and cuts
off all trade. U.S. officials know that Japan
is planning to seize more land.
• U.S. learns that the Japanese fleet is moving
towards S.E. Asia.
• The U.S. wants them to withdraw.
At the same time another
Japanese fleet is moving.
Japan has decided that their goals
cannot be achieved with the
Pacific Fleet in Hawaii- they
must destroy it!!!
December 7, 1941
“A date that will live in infamy”
• Planes are
headed towards
Pearl Harbor
• An officer
believes it is
American planes
coming in.
Less that 1 hour later
•
•
•
•
180 warplanes attack
2400 Americans killed
1200 wounded
300 warplanes
damaged or destroyed
• 18 warships down
• Japan loses only 29
planes
3 days later
• Germany and Italy declare war on the
United States.
• The war has been going on for years now,
but now the U.S. is involved.
• And things are about to change.
Japan did not achieve its main
goal at Pearl Harbor.
They wanted to destroy 3 aircraft
carriers. 2 were at sea and 1 was
being repaired in California.
This is a lot to remember
Let’s review the major players of
World War II
Adolph Hitler
• Leader of Germany
Benito Mussolini
• Leader of Italy
Hideko Tojo
• Prime Minister of
Japan
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• President of the
United States
Winston Churchill
• Prime Minister of the
United Kingdom
Josef Stalin
• Leader of the Soviet
Union
That is a lot to know.
Study a few minutes, then we
will take a quiz, while it is fresh
in your mind.
(All fill-ins)