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The War that Changed the World “The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.”- FDR Click below to begin MS. MERCADANTE 10TH GRADE U.S. HISTORY Introduction 1939-1945 was a time that devastated and shocked the world with death, depression, and despair. During this unit students will learn about topics such as the causes of WWII, Pearl Harbor, The Battle of the Bulge, Nazi Germany & the Holocaust, Japanese internment camps, propaganda uses, war effort in America, etc. Return to Title Slide Navigation Information Click here to start the lesson jumps to next slide Click here to jump back to the main menu Jumps to previous slide Click this to begin the quiz Return to Title Slide Return to Title Slide Click here to return to the title slide Main Menu The Conflict Begins America Enters the War Return to Title Slide War in Europe & the Pacific Life After WWII The Conflict Begins Recall: What did the Treaty of Versailles after WWI mean for Germany? Germany had to: take full responsibility for the war pay for war damages reduce its army to 100,000 men Could not form alliances, especially with Austria Forced surrender-could not negotiate terms The Conflict Begins Dictatorship One leader has absolute power over the people Ex. Tojo in Japan, Hitler in Germany Fascism Hitler Political idea in which power is given to a dictator and the freedoms of individuals are given away. Ex. Mussolini in Italy Mussolini Tojo The Conflict Begins 1931- Japan takes over Manchuria Wanted their resources Munich Agreement aka Appeasement Churchill (Britain) and Chamberlain (France) gave into Hitler’s wishes in hopes to prevent a war Gave part of Czechoslovakia for Sudetenland 1935- Italy invades Ethiopia September 1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland – WWII Began Blitzkrieg Non-aggression Pact with Stalin The Conflict Begins Germany takes over France- June 22 1940 Bombing of London September 7, 1940 by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. targeted vital industries and transportation centers Claim civilians were not targeted The Conflict Begins Japan takes over French Indochina Stop supply lines to China Summary In this section we have learned what a dictatorship and a fascist government are and the limitations that are placed on the rights of the people that are being controlled. The ways France and Britain unsuccessfully tried to prevent a war from starting through the Munich Agreement. How WWII started with Hitler’s invasion of Poland in 1931. And How Japan is beginning to take control of the Pacific through invasions of China and control of French Indochina. Please return to the main menu and take the quiz for “The Conflict Begins” The Conflict Begins- Quiz 1. The Treaty of Versailles impacted Germany in the following ways except: A. Making them pay for War costs B. Dividing Germany into sectors C. Reducing their military D. Taking full responsibility for the war The Conflict Begins- Quiz The Munich Agreement allowed Hitler to: A. Invade Poland B. Claim Parts of Czechoslovakia for the Sudetenland C. Split control of Poland with Russia D. Take control of France The Conflict Begins-Quiz Why did Tojo want to take over French Indochina? A. Cut off supply lines to China B. Get closer to Vietnam C. To help Hitler get into the Pacific D. Create an alliance with China Correct! The Treaty of Versailles did not divide Germany into different sectors. Do you think it would have helped if it did? Return to Quiz Incorrect…. The Treaty of Versailles did require Germany to reduce their army to very low levels, prohibited them from owning certain types of weapons, and forced them to agree to going into a state of disarment. Return to Quiz Incorrect… The Treaty of Versailles did require Germany to accept full responsibility as the aggressor of the war and all the damages it caused to The Allies. Return to Quiz Incorrect… By taking full responsibility for the war, Germany was also responsible for paying war damages done to the Allies. Europe as a whole after WWII went into massive depression for example England used the money Germany gave them to repay the U.S. for aid and equipment used during WWII. Return to Quiz Correct! Hitler wanted part of Czechoslovakia to reunite the Slavic people to Germany. Churchill and Chamberlain gave in to these demands hoping that it would prevent a war. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “A” is incorrect because Hitler invaded Poland on his own terms on September 1, 1939, starting WWII Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is incorrect because it was the Non-Aggression Pact that split Poland between Hitler and Stalin. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “D” is incorrect because Hitler invaded France on his own terms on June 22, 1940. Return to Quiz Correct! Tojo wanted to make sure China was not able to receive supplies from any of the Allies. He wanted total control of the pacific because he felt that the Japanese were the most superior. Congratulations you have completed “The Conflict Begins” quiz, please return to the main menu to begin the next section. Incorrect… “B” is incorrect because Tojo was not specifically going after Vietnam but the Pacific as a whole. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is incorrect because Hitler was not after the Pacific and actually gave Tojo French Indochina because he had control of France. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “D” is incorrect because Tojo wanted to control China, not become allies with them. Return to Quiz America Enters the War Isolationist America The majority of America wanted nothing to do with the war because of the effects from WWI. FDR claimed America as being neutral but it became clear that the US was loyal to Great Britain over Germany. Peacetime Draft FDR knew that war was becoming inevitable and began building up the U.S. army to be prepared for it. Lend-Lease Act This act helped Britain get supplies from the U.S. without having to spend money that was needed for the war. America Enters the War Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, “A date which will live in infamy!”-FDR Japanese Kamikaze pilots attacked U.S. Naval Base. Fortunately the Pacific Fleet’s three aircraft carriers were out of port on training exercises and were not attacked. U.S. officially declares war on Japan. America Enters the War Three days after Pearl Harbor, Germany and Italy declare war on America. U.S. is now fighting a 2 front war! Germany, Italy, Japan- Axis Powers Britain, France, Soviet Union, U.S.- Allies Germany invades Soviet Union in summer of 1941. America Enters the War Factories were converted to help the war effort. For example automobile industries switched to making tanks. Food became rationed, for example on “Meatless” days people wouldn’t eat meat to be able to send more to the soldiers. People were also encouraged to plant victory gardens and grow their own vegetables. America Enters the War The government used propaganda to get Americans on board to help with the war effort. America Enters the War Japanese Interment Camps U.S. Department of Justice kept people of Japanese dissent in interment camps because they were afraid of their allegiance belonging to Japan and terrorist attacks happening. Summary In this section we have learned how FDR prepared an isolationist America for war, how the government got Americans for the war effort through various types of propaganda and the various ways Americans at home helped the soldiers abroad. We discussed the Japanese internment camps and how persons of Japanese descent were treated during WWII. Please click on the “main menu” button below and continue on to the “America Enters the War” quiz. America Enters the War- Quiz What was the majority view in America for the war? A. Americans sympathized with the British and wanted to fight along side them. B. The Americans thought this would be the Great War and would prevent any other world wars from happening. C . Americans sympathized with the British but did not want to become involved. America Enters the War- Quiz What was Pearl Harbor? A. Japanese attack on U.S. naval base B. German defense attack on American troops C. Japanese attack on U. S. soldiers at Midway. America Enters the War- Quiz After the attack at Pearl Harbor, America became very suspicious of the Japanese people that lived in the country. What did America do to combat this paranoia? A. Sent them back to Japan B. Moved them into internment camps C. Kept them in prisons around the country Correct! The majority view of America was to be isolationist and not become involved in the war fought “over there”. FDR labeled the U.S. as neutral but it became obvious that U.S. remained loyal to Britain through events such as the Lend-Lease Act. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “A” is incorrect because America’s view was to be isolationist and not become a part in the war that was fought in Europe after suffering the damage done from WWI. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “B” is incorrect because this was America’s view toward WWI not WWII. Return to Quiz Correct! Pearl Harbor was a Japanese attack on the U.S. Naval base, this was the spark of America’s entrance into the war in the Pacific. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “B” is incorrect because it was the name of a Japanese attack on a U.S. Naval Base, not a German defensive. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is incorrect because at this point in the War the Battle at Midway had not happened yet. Return to Quiz Correct! The U.S. government was afraid that Japanese- Americans would keep their loyalty with Japan and commit terrorist attacks around the country. To prevent this the U.S. Department of Justice set up internment camps to keep people of Japanese decent in a designated area to keep a closer watch on them. Congrats! You have finished the “America Enters the War” Quiz, please go back to the main menu and continue on to the next section. Incorrect… “A” is incorrect because most of the Japanese sent to the internment camps were U.S. citizens. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is incorrect because the internment camps were specific to people of Japanese decent, not a public prison. Return to Quiz War in Europe and the Pacific The Holocaust Mass murder of 6 million European Jews, 5 million Soviets, Gypses, Homosexuals, Mentally ill, Elderly. Kristallnacht “Night of the Broken Glass” Jewish businesses and synagogues were destroyed Nuremburg Laws Revoked Ban non-Aryans of their German citizenship on relations and marriages between Aryans and nonAryans War in Europe and the Pacific Ghettos Moved Jews from their homes, took their belongings Liquidation Concentration/Death Camps Auschwitz, mass murder of people inside the ghettos. Berger-Belsen (Anne Frank) Liberated by Allied & Soviet forces between 1944 & 1945 No where to go Malnutrition War in Europe and the Pacific Advancements in war technology Airplanes, Chemical warfare D-Day Invasion of Normandy, France - June 6, 1944 - Operation Overlord -Successfully misled German troops Victory in Europe (V-E Day) May 8, 1945 War in Europe and the Pacific Battle at Midway Major victory for the U.S. Wanted for naval base Manhattan Plan The A-bomb Truman decided that it was the best solution because it would end the war in the Pacific quickly and bring American soldiers home. Two bombs were dropped One in Iwo Jima and one in Okinawa Japan was forced into unconditional surrender War in the Pacific ends- August 15, 1945 Summary In section lesson we have learned about the Holocaust and the torture the prisoners endured, how the war in Europe ended with Dday, and Truman’s tough decision in the Manhattan Plan that made it possible to end the war in the Pacific quickly. Please click on the “Main Menu” button below and continue on to the “War in Europe and the Pacific” quiz. War in Europe and the Pacific- Quiz What was a ghetto in reference to the Holocaust? A. An area where Jews were placed before they were moved to concentration or death camps. B. A bad neighborhood in Nuremburg that was overrun by drug wars. C. Hitler’s secret underground hideout that he lived in during the war because he was afraid of being assassinated. War in Europe and the Pacific- Quiz What was Operation Overlord (Dday)? A. American offensive against the Japanese that resulted in the A-bomb. B. American offensive against Germany when they successfully tricked German troops in Normandy. C. American offensive against the Italians that resulted in the fall of Mussolini War in Europe and the Pacific-Quiz What was Truman’s final decision with the Manhattan Plan? A. He decided against it because of the death and destruction it would bring to the people of Japan. B. He was unable to make the decision and passed it down to the Vice President to decide. C. He decided that it would be the best option to end the war quickly. Correct! The Jews were relocated from their homes to a ghetto and stripped of their belongings before being sent to concentration or death camps. They would live with many families in one room and only those who were given permission to work were allowed to leave the Ghetto during the day. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “B” is incorrect because the Holocaust had nothing to do with drug wars. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is wrong because it was called a bunker, not a ghetto. Return to Quiz Correct! The American troops were able to successfully mislead the German troops to believe that they were going to invade France from another location, making the German troops move from Normandy and enabled the American soldiers to successfully storm the beaches of Normandy. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “A” is incorrect because it was the Manhattan Plan that dealt with dropping the A-bomb on Japan. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is wrong because Italy collapsed earlier into the war. Return to Quiz Correct! Truman felt that it would be the best way because it would end the war in the Pacific quickly and bring American troops home. He said he wouldn’t be able to live with himself if he had a way to end the war and bring sons, fathers, husbands home and did not use it. Congrats! You have completed “The War in Europe and the Pacific” quiz, please go back to the main menu and continue on to the next section. Incorrect… “A” is incorrect because there was not a great sympathy felt toward the Japanese people because of Pearl Harbor. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “B” is incorrect because Truman did not pass any decisions down to the Vice President regarding the Atom bomb, the vice president didn’t even know the Manhattan Plan existed until it was set to happen. Return to Quiz Life After WWII The Cost of War Europe in a Great Depression Soldiers return home GI Bill Gave soldiers benefits to attend school Life After WWII Changes at home Women in the workforce Soldiers come back and want to resume their jobswomen don’t want to return to housewife role. The Baby Boom A rapidly increased birth rate as soldiers coming home rush to start a family Life After WWII The U.N. The Division of Germany The Berlin Wall Life in Communist East and Capitalist West Germany Life After WWII A new role for the U.S. Emergence New Threats to Peace Start of the Cold War with Russia Space Arms as a world power Race Race Changes in Japan Summary In this section we have learned about the devastation and depression the war brought to European economies, how America emerged as a world power and affects such as the Baby Boom that were brought on by returning soldiers, the division of Germany, and the competitive relationship that was forming between the U.S. and Soviet Russia. Please click on the “main menu” button below and continue on to the “Life After WWII” quiz. Life After WWII-Quiz What did the GI Bill do? A. Made Germany pay America for war damages B. Helped returning American soldiers pay for their education C. Ensured returning soldiers their prewar jobs. Life After WWII- Quiz What happened to Germany after WWII? A. It was divided amongst the Allies into four sectors B. It was taken over by Soviet Russia C. Nothing happened but it was required to pay for war damages Life After the War- Quiz What was the relationship between U.S. and Russia after the war? A. Great, the war strengthened their alliance B. Competitive, events such as the space race and arms race took place C. Indifferent, each country was too concerned with rebuilding their economy. End of Unit Correct! When all the soldiers were returning home, not all of their prewar jobs were still available because many had been taken by women and African Americans. To help the unemployed soldiers the government established the GI Bill so soldiers could attend school and start a career. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “A” is incorrect because even though Germany was forced to pay for war damages it was through their conditions of surrender, not the GI Bill. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is incorrect because the GI Bill was established based on the fact that returning soldiers typically did not have a job to return to. Return to Quiz Correct! After WWII Germany was divided into four sectors, A French Zone, A British Zone, An American Zone, and A Soviet Russian Zone. They felt this was the best option to prevent another war but the outcome of this division was capitalism v. communism as a competitive relationship formed between the U.S. and Soviet Russia, starting the Cold War. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “B” is incorrect because Soviet Russia did obtain a sector of Germany but did not control all of Germany. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is incorrect because Germany was divided into four sectors to ensure the rise of Nazism would not happen again. Return to Quiz Correct! After WWII a competitive relationship formed between the U.S. and Soviet Russia resulting in events such as the space race to send the first person to the moon and the arms race to see who could build the first nuclear weapon. Congrats! You have finished the “Life After the War” Quiz, please click the “end of unit” button. End of Unit Incorrect… “A ” is incorrect because the two countries were at odds with each other. While this opposition between America and Soviet Russia was labeled as a Cold War the intensity of competition always lead to fear of another war. Return to Quiz Incorrect… “C” is incorrect because the two countries were at odds with each other. While this opposition between America and Soviet Russia was labeled as a Cold War the intensity of competition always lead to fear of another war. Return to Quiz End of the Unit! Now that we have completed the overview unit we have a better understanding of what the second World War was and why it became known as the War that Changed the World. Please click on the “return to title slide” to restart the program for the next student. Return to Title Slide
