Download CHAPTER 27 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Chapter 18
AMERICANS IN
WORLD WAR II
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Section 2: The Home Front
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Section 4: Victory in Asia
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Objectives:
 What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied
Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?
 What steps did the United States take to prepare for war?
 Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor?
 What were the early turning points of the war in the
Pacific?
 What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in
1942?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Allied Powers
 Production capacity of U.S. and manpower of
Soviet Union were advantages.
 Disadvantages included the enormous amount of
land in enemy hands, the multi-front aspect of the
war, and the long fight that had to be faced.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Axis Powers
 Axis was better prepared economically and had
been rearmed since the 1930s.
 Axis had firm control over invaded areas and
already had airfields, barracks, and military
training centers.
 Axis powers’ main difficulty was defending
multiple fronts.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: Early Difficulties
U.S. preparations for war
 increased production
 expanded the government
 began to direct the economy
 began to raise the army
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor
 Clark Airforce Base in the Philippines
 Burma
 Borneo
 the Netherlands East Indies
 Wake Island
 Hong Kong
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Early turning points of war in Pacific
 Battle of the Coral Sea
 Battle of Midway
 Guadalcanal
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: Early Difficulties
Major battles of 1942 in Europe and
North Africa
 Battle of El Alamein
 Battle of Stalingrad
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: The Home Front
Objectives:
 How did the U.S. government try to keep wartime
morale high?
 What was life like in the United States during World
War II?
 How did women contribute to the war effort?
 What actions did the government take to protect the
rights of minority groups?
 How were Japanese Americans affected by the war?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: The Home Front
Keeping wartime morale high
 Office of War Information
 radio programs
 movies
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: The Home Front
Life in the U.S. during WWII
 long work hours and many sacrifices
 restrictions
 blackouts
 air-raid drills
 victory gardens
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: The Home Front
Contributions of women
 entered job market to replace soldiers
 worked in plants
 produced war products
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: The Home Front
Government actions to protect
minority rights
 Fair Employment Practices Committee
 attempts to end discrimination in businesses with
federal contracts
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: The Home Front
Effects on Japanese Americans
 Many were relocated and interned.
 Interned people lost their property.
 Hawaiian islands put under martial law because
Japanese population was too large to relocate.
 Some Japanese received limited military service
opportunities.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Objectives:
 Where did the Allied offensive in Europe begin?
 How did fighting in the Atlantic and in the air
influence the land war in Europe?
 How did the Allies successfully carry out the
Normandy invasion?
 What was the Holocaust?
 How did the Allies finally defeat Germany?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Allied offensive in Europe
The Allied offensive in Europe began in Sicily
and Italy.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in
the air on the land war
 Sea dominance allowed the Allies to protect cargo
ships and bomb Axis vessels.
 Strategic bombing from the air helped destroy
German military factories and centers.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Victory in Europe
The Normandy Invasion
 invasion of German-occupied France
 disinformation campaign to distract Germans
 dummy invasion used as a decoy
 initial storming of beach caused high casualties
 ultimately successful
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Victory in Europe
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s slaughter of
European Jews. The Germans took advantage of
long-standing anti-Semitism and Allied inaction to
do it.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Victory in Europe
Final defeat of Germany
 September, 1944: Battle of the Bulge
 February, 1945: Yalta Conference
 early 1945: Allies bomb Germany
 March, 1945: Allies invade Germany
 April, 1945: Hitler commits suicide
 May, 1945: Germany surrenders
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: Victory in Asia
Objectives:
 How did the United States carry out its islandhopping plan?
 How did the battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
affect the war?
 What led the United States to use atomic weapons
against Japan?
 What were the human and economic costs of
World War II?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: Victory in Asia
Island-hopping
 conquered strategically important islands
 cut off other islands
 some islands chosen as launching pads for
invasion of Japan
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: Victory in Asia
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
These two battles were incredibly difficult and
bloody, and though the U.S. won, the fighting
demonstrated that the Japanese would not surrender.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: Victory in Asia
Reasons for use of the atomic bomb
 enormous cost of an invasion
 continued Japanese resistance
 desire to demonstrate U.S. power to the Soviet Union
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 4: Victory in Asia
Costs of World War II
 killed millions of people and wounded many more
 resulted in the Holocaust
 destroyed economies of many nations
 ruined countless cities
 destroyed national infrastructures
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON