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Lecture 2
Computer development history
Topic
• History of computer development
• Computer generation
• Programming language
History of Computer Development
Charles Babbage
• Design first modern computer
• Invent
– difference engine
– Analytical Engine (main part of copmuter
system)
History of Computer Development
Count Ada Lovelace
• First programmer
• Assist in developing instruction for
Babbage device computation
History of Computer Development
Herman Hollerith
• Develop first computer using electrical
power
• Founder of electronic punch card
History of Computer Development
John V. Atanasoff & Clifford Berry
• Build first electronically operated digital
computer
• ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)
History of Computer Development
ENIAC (Electronik Numerical Integrator and
Calculator)
• J.Mauchly & J.Presper Eckert
• Main general purpose electronic computer
• Used in world war II
• Used to solve mathematical problem
• Use vacuum tube
History of Computer Development
History of Computer Development
UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer)
• First generation comercial computer
• For scientific and comercial applications
• Eckert & Mauchly send first UNIVAC to
U.S Census Bureau in 1951.
History of Computer Development
History of Computer Development
UNIVAC characteristic
• Easier to use compared to ENIAC
• Less vacuum tube (more reliable)
• Stored program found by John Von
Neumann
• General purpose
• Use machine language
History of Computer Development
Apple Computer
• Found by Steve Jobbs dan & Steve Wozniak
in 1977
• First computer with easy to use screen and
keyboard
History of Computer Development
Computer Generation
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•
•
•
•
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
Computer Generation
First Generation
•
•
•
•
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•
•
1940’s – early 1950’s
Vacuum tube as switch
Bulky, slow, easily heated
Always fail
ABC, MARK1, ENIAC, UNIVAC
Stored program concept (Von Neumann)
Assembly Language
Computer Generation
Second Generation
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•
•
•
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•
1950’s – mid 1960
transistor as switch
Smaller and faster (x1000)
Less heat, more reliable, cheap
The usage of high level language begins
DEC-PDP-1
Computer Generation
Third Generation
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•
•
•
Late 1960’s
Silicon chip as switch
Smaller and faster (x1000)
More reliable
Computer Generation
Fourth Generation
• 1970’s –current
• Single processor microchip as switch
• Very low cost and afforded by individual
Computer Generation
Fifth Generation
• Japan founded artificial intelligence in the
mid 1990
• Expert system, natural language
• Communication and network
HISTORY AND COMPUTER REVOLUTION
Generati
on
1
Electronic
circuit
Main
Memory
Secondary
Memory
Vacuum Tube
Magnetic reel
-Magnetic reel
3
Computer
Size
-paper tape
punch card
- printer
Room size
30
ton,1500
kps,18000
vacuum
tube,140k/
w
transistor
Integrated
circuit
Magnetic
core
punch card
- printer
Drawer
size
Magnetic
core
punch card
M
punch card
M
-keyboard,
Magnetic
tape,Magneti
c disk
agnetic tape
- Magnetic
disk
agnetic tape
M
agnetic disk
4
Output
M
agnetic tape
2
Input
microprocesso
r
Semiconduct
or circuit
-magnetic disk
-diskette
-magnetic
wave
keyboard
Optical
recognition
Light pen
Graphic
tablet
Table size
-printer
video
display
-printer,
video
display,
audio
response
Typewriter
size
Programming Language
Generation Programming Language
1
Machine Language
2
Assembly Language
3
High Level Language
4
Very High Level Language
5
Natural Language
Programming Language
Machine language
•
•
•
•
Low level language
Use number
Data and program instruction is 0 and 1(0n/off)
Program written in other language must be
changed to machine language before execution
Programming Language
Assembly language
• Low level
• Use mnemonic code, abbreviation
• Program written in this language is
translated by assembler into machine
language program code before execution
Programming Language
High Level Language
• Exist 1960
• Similar to English
• Program written in this language is able to
overcome more complex problem/task
• Translator is known as compiler which change
program to machine language before execution
• Commercial application such as C/C++
Example of High Level
Language for Displaying “Hello
World”
•
•
•
•
•
Cobol : DISPLAY “Hello World”
Basic : PRINT “Hello World”
C : printf (“Hello World”);
Java : System.out.println(“Hello World”)
C++ : cout<< “Hello World”
Programming Language
Very High Level Language
• Known as 4GL
• Program is written shorthand form
• Able to handle hundreds instruction lines
(3rd generation language can handle few
lines only)
• Example: Query Language
Programming Language
Natural Language
• Similar to spoken English Language
• Natural Language translate human
instruction into codes that understandable
by computer
• Also known as knowledge base language
• Interact with knowledge base