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POP QUIZ !
Nominal, Ordinal or Continuous?
1.Temperature
2. GCS
3. Trauma Score
Nominal, Ordinal or Continuous?
4. INH Stroke Scale
5. Apache Score
6. Probability of a disease
Nominal, Ordinal or Continuous?
7. Age
8. Sex
9. Visual Analog Pain Scale
10. Likert Scale
11.The Average is called the __________.
12.The Most Common value is called the
___________.
13.The Midpoint of the data is called the
_________.
14.Which is most influenced by outliers?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Average
15. A large Standard Deviation means there is
a. a great deal of variability in the data
b. little variability in the data
c. a bimodal distribution
d. equality between the mean, median and the
mode.
16. A Small Standard Deviation means
there is
a. a great deal of variability in the data
b. little variability in the data
c. a bimodal distribution
d. equality between the mean, median and
the mode.
17. The Mean ± 1 S.D.encloses what % of
the data?
a. 50%
b. 67%
c. 75%
d. 90%
e. 95%
f. 99%
18. The Mean ± 2 S.D.encloses what % of
the data?
a. 50%
b. 67%
c. 75%
d. 90%
e. 95%
f. 99%
19. The Mean ± 3 S.D.encloses what % of
the data?
a. 50%
b. 67%
c. 75%
d. 90%
e. 95%
f. 99%
20. What percent of Normal Persons will
test Abnormal for any test?
a. 0%
b. 2.5%
c. 5%
d. 7.5%
e. 10%
21. A BMP has 6 Independent Tests, What
is the chance that all are “normal” if you
are normal?
A. 100%
b. 95%
c. 75%
d. 50%
e. 25%
22. Studies show that newer generation CT
scanners are 95% sensitive for picking up
subarachnoid bleeds on head CT scans.
The concern that these scans may not be as
sensitive for smaller subclinical bleeds is an
example of:
a. recall bias
b. review bias
c. spectrum bias
d. intent to treat
23. The EKG is very specific in the
diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia.
However, most studies use the EKG to
define having had acute myocardial
ischemia. This is:
a. recall bias
b. selection bias
c. review bias
d. spectrum bias
24. AIDS was first described in NYC and
Los Angeles as two series of patients
who presented to a clinic for an unusual
skin tumor.
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
25. A group of children are observed in a
park. The activity level of the boys is
compared to the activity level of the
girls. The researcher notes if the child
pretends it has a gun or not.
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
26. A researcher examines the injuries
received in auto accidents in a group of
males who are intoxicated compared to
another group that is not.
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
27. A researcher follows two groups of males.
One group consists of heavy drinkers, the other
group uses no alcohol. The incidence of
automobile wrecks is found for both groups at
one and five years
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
28. I think my patient has a 50% chance
of having a stroke.
a. The odds are .33
b. The odds are .5
c. The odds are 1
d. The odds are 5
Probability
29. Probability of 1% = Odds of ________
30. Probability of 10% = Odds of ________
31. Probability of 50% = Odds of ________
32. Probability of 90% = Odds of ________
Odds
33. Odds of 0.01 = Probability of _________
34. Odds of 0.1 = Probability of ________
35. Odds of 1 = Probability of ________
36. Odds of 9 = Probability of _______
a. True Positives
b. True Negatives
c. False Positives
d. False Negatives
37.
38. Sensitivity is the
a. True Positives over True negatives
b.True Negatives over All with Disease
c. True positives over All without disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
39. Specificity is the
a. True Positives over true negatives
b. True Negatives over All without Disease
c. True positives over All with disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
40. Positive Predictive Value
is the
a. True Positives over true negatives
b. True Negatives over All with Disease
c. True positives over All without disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
41. Negative Predictive Value
is the
a. True Positives over true negatives
b. True Negatives over All with Disease
c. True positives over All without disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
42. Positive Likelihood Ratio =
a. Sensitivity / Specificity
b. Sensitivity / 1-Specificity
c. 1-Sensitivity / Specificity
d. Sensitivity x Specificity
43. Negative Likelihood Ratio =
a. Sensitivity / Specificity
b. Sensitivity / 1-Specificity
c. 1-Sensitivity / Specificity
d. Sensitivity x Specificity
44. The Chance of Disease
After a Test is =
A. Pretest Probability x LR
b. Pretest Odds x LR
c. Pretest Odds x Sensitivity
d. Pretest Probability x Specificity
Answers
Nominal, Ordinal or
Continuous?
1.Temperature (Continuous)
2. GCS (Ordinal)
3. Trauma Score (Ordinal)
Nominal, Ordinal or
Continuous?
4. INH Stroke Scale (Ordinal)
5. Apache Score (Ordinal)
6. Probability of a disease (Continuous)
Nominal, Ordinal or
Continuous?
7. Age (Continuous)
8. Sex(Nominal)
9. Visual Analog Pain Scale (Continuous)
10. Likert Scale (Ordinal)
11.The Average is called the
_MEAN_________.
12.The Most Common value is called the
__MODE_________.
13.The Midpoint of the data is called the
__MEDIAN______.
14.Which is most influenced by outliers?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Average
15. A large Standard Deviation means there is
a. a great deal of variability in the data
b. little variability in the data
c. a bimodal distribution
d. equality between the mean, median and the
mode.
16. A Small Standard Deviation means
there is
a. a great deal of variability in the data
b. little variability in the data
c. a bimodal distribution
d. equality between the mean, median and
the mode.
17. The Mean ± 1 S.D.encloses what % of
the data?
a. 50%
b. 67%
c. 75%
d. 90%
e. 95%
f. 99%
18. The Mean ± 2 S.D.encloses what % of
the data?
a. 50%
b. 67%
c. 75%
d. 90%
e. 95%
f. 99%
19. The Mean ± 3 S.D.encloses what % of
the data?
a. 50%
b. 67%
c. 75%
d. 90%
e. 95%
f. 99%
20. What percent of Normal Persons will
test Abnormal for any test?
a. 0%
b. 2.5%
c. 5%
d. 7.5%
e. 10%
 21. A BMP
has 6 Independent Tests, What is
the chance that all are “normal” if you are
normal?
A. 100%
b. 95%
c. 75% =0.95 x 0.95 x 0.95 x 0.95 x 0.95 x 0.95
d. 50%
e. 25%
22. Studies show that newer generation CT
scanners are 95% sensitive for picking up
subarachnoid bleeds on head CT scans.
The concern that these scans may not be as
sensitive for smaller subclinical bleeds is an
example of:
a. recall bias
b. review bias
c. spectrum bias
d. intent to treat
23. The EKG is very specific in the
diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia.
However, most studies use the EKG to
define having had acute myocardial
ischemia. This is:
a. recall bias
b. selection bias
c. review bias
d. spectrum bias
24. AIDS was first described in NYC and
Los Angeles as two series of patients
who presented to a clinic for an unusual
skin tumor.
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
25. A group of children are observed in a
park. The activity level of the boys is
compared to the activity level of the
girls. The researcher notes if the child
pretends it has a gun or not.
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
26. A researcher examines the injuries
received in auto accidents in a group of
males who are intoxicated compared to
another group that is not.
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
27. A researcher follows two groups of males.
One group consists of heavy drinkers, the other
group uses no alcohol. The incidence of
automobile wrecks is found for both groups at
one and five years
a. case series
b. randomized clinical trial
c. case-control study
d. cohort study
e. cross-sectional study
f. cross-over controlled clinical trial
28. I think my patient has a 50% chance
of having a stroke.
a. The odds are .33
b. The odds are .5
c. The odds are 1
d. The odds are 5
Probability
29. Probability of 1% = Odds of __0.01___
30. Probability of 10% = Odds of __0.11__
31. Probability of 50% = Odds of __1__
32. Probability of 90% = Odds of _9__
Odds
33. Odds of 0.01 = Probability of __1%__
34. Odds of 0.1 = Probability of __10%___
35. Odds of 1 = Probability of ___50%___
36. Odds of 9 = Probability of __90%__
a. True Positives
b. True Negatives
c. False Positives
d. False Negatives
37.
38. Sensitivity is the
a. True Positives over True negatives
b.True Negatives over All with Disease
c. True Positives over All without disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
39. Specificity is the
a. True Positives over true negatives
b. True Negatives over All without Disease
c. True positives over All with disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
40. Positive Predictive Value
is the
a. True Positives over true negatives
b. True Negatives over All with Disease
c. True positives over All without disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
41. Negative Predictive Value
is the
a. True Positives over true negatives
b. True Negatives over All with Disease
c. True Positives over All without disease
d. True Positives over All with Disease
e. True Positives over all who test positive
42. Positive Likelihood Ratio =
a. Sensitivity / Specificity
b. Sensitivity / 1-Specificity
c. 1-Sensitivity / Specificity
d. Sensitivity x Specificity
43. Negative Likelihood Ratio =
a. Sensitivity / Specificity
b. Sensitivity / 1-Specificity
c. 1-Sensitivity / Specificity
d. Sensitivity x Specificity
44. The Chance of Disease
After a Test is =
A. Pretest Probability x LR
b. Pretest Odds x LR
c. Pretest Odds x Sensitivity
d. Pretest Probability x Specificity