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ROCKS THAT FORM FROM AN
ACCUMULATION OF SEDIMENTS
DERIVED FROM PREEXISTING ROCKS
AND/OR ORGANIC MATERIALS
THREE KINDS OF
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
FORM FROM SOLID FRAGMENTS
(SEDIMENTS) OF OTHER ROCKS.
EXAMPLES: SHALE, SANDSTONE,
CONGLOMERATE
SEDIMENTS COME FROM THE
WEATHERING OF EXISTING ROCKS.
PARTICLE SIZE
->
->
-> ->
->
smallest
BOULDERS, PEBBLES, SAND, SILT, CLAY
FRAGMENTS ARE MOVED MOSTLY BY
RUNNING WATER. WINDS, WAVES, AND
GLACIERS ALSO MOVE PARTICLES.
THE FARTHER A PARTICLE TRAVELS
THE ROUNDER IT BECOMES
ROCK FRAGMENTS
SEPARATE THROUGH
HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL SORTING
IS THE COMPACTION AND
CEMENTATION OF ROCK FRAGMENTS
THAT FORM SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.
- THE LARGER THE SEDIMENTS
IN THE ROCK THE MORE
PERMEABLE (ABILITY TO LET
WATER PASS THROUGH) THE
ROCK.
CONGLOMERATE IS A MIXTURE OF
LARGE ROUNDED PEBBLES CEMENTED
TOGETHER BY SMALLER SEDIMENTS
(BRECCIA HAS ANGULAR FRAGMENTS)
SANDSTONES
ARE MADE LARGELY
OF QUARTZ GRAINS. (PERMEABLE)
SHALE FORMS FROM THE
COMPACTION OF TINY FLAKES OF
CLAY. (IMPERMEABLE)
FORM FROM THE PRECIPITATION OF
MINERALS OUT OF SOLUTION
THE MAIN CAUSE FOR DISSOLVED
MINERALS TO PRECIPITATE, OR DROP
OUT OF THE WATER, IS EVAPORATION.
(SHALLOW SEA ENVIRONMENT)
THIS RESULTS IN A CRYSTALLINE MASS OF
INTERGROWN MINERAL CRYSTALS
Examples
LIMESTONE - COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF
CALCITE; FIZZES WITH HCL
DOLOSTONE - FIZZES WHEN POWDERED
ROCK SALT - SAME PROPERTIES OF HALITE
ROCK GYPSUM - SAME PROPERTIES OF
GYPSUM
FORM FROM THE REMAINS OF LIVING
THINGS OR ROCKS CONTAINING FOSSILS
LIMESTONES (FIZZES IN HCL)- CONTAINS
SHELLS
COAL (SOOTY)- BURIAL OF DECAYED
PLANTS; SWAMPS
FOSSILIFEROUS SHALE – SHALE CONTAINING
FOSSILS
STRATIFICATION
IS THE ARRANGEMENT OF DIFFERENT
VISIBLE LAYERS OF ROCK. WHEN THE TYPE
OF SEDIMENTS FOUND IN AN AREA CHANGE,
A NEW TYPE OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORMS
EX. GRAND CANYON
FOSSILS
ARE THE REMAINS, IMPRESSIONS, OR ANY
OTHER EVIDENCE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
PRESERVED IN ROCK.
RIPPLE MARKS
ARE FORMED BY THE ACTION
OF WINDS, STREAMS, WAVES,
AND CURRENTS ON SAND,
AND FORM ON THE SURFACE
OF BEDDING PLANES.
MUD CRACKS
DEVELOP WHEN
DEPOSITS OF WET CLAY
DRY UP AND CONTRACT.
GEODES
ARE HOLLOW SPHERES IN WHICH
GROUNDWATER HAS DEPOSITED
MINERALS