Download Pedology and soil protection

PEDOLOGY AND SOIL
PROTECTION
Výukový materiál EK 01 - 27
Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná
Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
SOIL
• A thin film on the lithospheric surface
• An irreplaceable natural resource
• A special importance mainly in agriculture
SOIL FORMING PROCESS
• by weathering of rocks and pedogenic processes
• the base is pedogenic substrate
(weathering)
• The main factors for weathering are:
◦ Temperature
◦ Humidity
◦ Atmospheric gases
◦ Mineral substance
• Live organisms are an important part
SOIL COMPOSITION
• The soil is on the boundary between inanimated
and animated nature
• It is made up of:
Humus
Inorganic
particles of
weathered rocks
and minerals
Plant and animal
organisms=
EDAFHON
Waste
products of
these
organisms
(a set of
organic
substrates of
breaking down
bodies of died
organisms)
SOIL STRUCTURE
• The free spaces between solid particles of soil are
filled by
Soil water
(solution with dissolved
mineral and organic
substrates)
Soil air
(nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
dioxide and other gases)
SOIL TYPES – according to the grain
size
• Light (sandy) soil
• Heavy (clay) soil
• Medium (loamy) soil
SOIL TYPES – according to the colour
and the texture (fertility)
•
•
•
•
Black soil – fertile, lowlands
Brown soil – the most widespread in the CR
Podsols – less fertile
Other soils
SOIL IMPORTANCE
• The most important, heavy renewable natural
source
• Natural site of plants and animals
• Water utilization importance (water holding)
• Agriculture
• Forestry
PROBLEMS OF SOIL POLLUTION
•
•
•
•
•
•
FERTILIZERS
Unsuitable and overused
PESTICIDES
Kill organisms in the soil
DESERT SPREADING
Spreading of deserts
PROBLEMS OF SOIL POLLUTION
•
•
•
•
•
•
AIR POLLUTANTS
Heavy metals, fly-ash, acid rains
EROSIONS
Soil erosion and loss due to wind and water
IRONING AND STEELING
Using of heavy machinery
SOIL PROTECTION
•
•
•
•
Suitable using of fertilizers
Suitable using of pesticides
Following agro-technical procedures
Renewal of balks and little balks
Revision:
• 1. Soil is a thin film on the surface of .…..
• 2. Name the main factors of weathering.
• 3. The free spaces between solid particles of soil
are filled with………… and ………………
• 4. What are the problems of soil pollution?
• 5. How can we protect the soil?
• 6. The erosion and loss of soil is called............
Zdroj:
• MATĚJKA, Dobroslav, Radek MIKULÁŠ, Václav ZIEGLER a Václav CÍLEK.
Přírodopis. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2000. ISBN 80-718-3204-9
• ŠTULC, Miloslav, Pavel PŘÍHODA, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní
obraz Země: pro 1. ročník gymnázia. Vyd. 1. Praha: Fortuna, 1995, 135 s. ISBN
80-716-8189-X
• BIČÍK, Ivan, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní obraz
Země: učebnice zeměpisu pro střední školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Nakladatelství České
geografické společnosti, 2001, 135 s. ISBN 80-860-3445-3
• HANČOVÁ, Hana, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Biologie
v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie.
Genetika. 2. vyd. Praha: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN 80-720-0340-2