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UNIT 6 ROCKS
White Book CH 7
Red Book CH 3
Blue Book CH 5 & 6
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
What do you think of
when you hear the word
rock?
Write down 5 things…
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
Naturally occurring solid
material made of one or
more mineral
Who studies rocks ?
Petrologist
•A scientist who
studies rocks
Rocks are classified into 3 main types
by the way How?
that they are formed
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
Igneous
Formed from magma
Sedimentary
Formed when sediments are
deposited by wind, water, and ice
Sediment
Pieces of rocks, shells, and/or
remains of plants and animals
Metamorphic
Formed as a
result in the
changing of
existing rocks
The Rock Cycle
The
continuous
changing of
one rock
type to
another
Red book Pg.. 78
Igneous Rocks
2 types of rocks based on where
magma cools and hardens
Intrusive and Extrusive
Intrusive
Formed deep
within the
Earth’s
surface
(Magma)
Extrusive
Formed at the
Earth's
surface
(Lava)
Intrusions
Magma that has flowed through
cracks in the surface
Extrusions
Lava cooled on the Earth's
surface
Intrusions
Batholith, Stock, Laccolith, Sill
Extrusions
Lava plateau, dike
Pg. 174 - 176 in old book
Batholith
100 sq. km or greater
Stock
Less than 100 sq.. km
Pg. 174 - 176 in old book
Laccolith
Dome-like intrusion
pushing sedimentary layers
upward
Sill -
Does not push
layers upward
Pg. 174 - 176 in old book
Dike
Narrow flat
formation
formed in
vertical
cracks
Pg. 174 - 176 in old book
Lava plateau
Built up sheets of
lava on the surface
Classification of
Igneous Rocks
Based on texture and
chemical composition
Texture
Depends on size and shape of
crystals
Fine-grained = Small crystals
Coarse grained = Large crystals
Porphyry
Rock with different grain sizes
Mineral Composition
Affects the color of the rock
Light colored = Felsic
Dark colored = Mafic
In between = Intermediate
Common Igneous Rocks
Granite
Continental Crust
Basalt
Oceanic crust
Igneous Rock Review
Go over
176 # 1-4
Pg. 177 - 183 in old book
Sedimentary Rocks
75% of the Earth's surface
Sediments are moved by
wind and water
In the sedimentator which
will settle out first?
Pg. 177 - 183 in old book
Sedimentary Rocks
How will the
sediments
settle out?
Sand, gravel,
water, clay
Pg. 177 - 183 in old book
Sedimentary Rocks
Water
Clay
Sand
Gravel
Pg. 177 - 183 in old book
Sedimentary Rocks
How do sedimentary
rocks form?
Compaction and
cementation
Pg. 177 - 183 in old book
Compaction
Pressure is applied to pack
lower sediments
Cementation
Sediments are joined by
minerals dissolved in water
Pg. 177 - 183 in old book
Sedimentary Rocks
Forms strata = layers of
sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are
classified by composition,
texture, and grain size
Sedimentary Rocks
Read &
take notes
Pg. 179 183 in old
book
Clastic Rocks
Organic Rocks
Chemical
Rocks
Sedimentary
Rock
Structures
Pg. 179 - 180 in old book
Clastic Rocks
Formed from broken
pieces or fragments of
rocks
Pg. 179 - 180 in old book
Clastic Rocks
Conglomerates - rounded
Breccia - sharp
Sandstones
Mudrocks
Conglomerate
(rounded)
179 in old book
Breccia
(sharp)
179 in old book
Pg. 181 - 182 in old book
Organic Rocks
Formed from material that
was once living
Limestones
Chalk
Coal
181 in old book
Chalk
Israel
182 in old book
Chemical Rocks
Formed by chemical
means that do not involve
living organisms
182 in old book
Chemical Rocks
Evaporites -
Formed when water
evaporates and leaves
behind mineral deposits
Rock Salt
182 - 184 in old book
Sedimentary Rock Structures
Visible layers
Ripple marks
Mud cracks
Fossils
Visible Layers
182 - 184 in old book
Visible Layers
182 - 184 in old book
Usibelli Coal Mine Alaska
Ripple Marks
182 - 184 in old book
182 - 184 in old book
182 - 184 in old book
Sedimentary Rock
Review
Answer Pg.
184 # 1-3
Sedimentary Rock Review
• Compaction & Cementation
• Clastic, Organic, Chemical
•Visible layers, Fossils,
Mudcracks, Ripple marks
Pg. 184 - 187 in old book
Metamorphic Rocks
Rocks that have been
changed into a different
rock through heat,
pressure, or chemical
reactions
Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 184 - 187 in old book
Types of metamorphism
Contact & Regional
Verde
Valley
Region
Arizona
Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 184 - 187 in old book
Contact Metamorphism
Rocks are heated by
contact with magma
or lava
Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 184 - 187 in old book
Regional Metamorphism
Occurs over a large
area deep beneath
the surface
With
Heat & Pressure
Metamorphic
Rocks
Pg. 186 in old book
Igneous > Metamorphic
Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 185 in old book
Shale + H & P = Slate
Sedimentary > Metamorphic
Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 185 in old book
Limestone + H & P = Marble
Sedimentary > Metamorphic
Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 186 in old book
Sandstone + H & P = Quartzite
Sedimentary > Metamorphic
Metamorphic Rocks
Pg. 184 - 187 in old book
2 Basic Textures
Foliated & Unfoliated
Foliated
Slate
Used for flagstones
Mineral
crystals are
in parallel
layers
Tend to break in parallel layers
Unfoliated
Marble
Do not have
bands of
crystals
Do not break in layers
Metamorphic Rock Review
•Under what conditions do
metamorphic rocks form?
•What is the difference between contact
and regional metamorphism?
•Suppose you find a metamorphic rocks
that breaks into layers. Predict how it
formed.
Metamorphic Rock Review
•Heat, pressure, chemical reactions
•Contact must touch magma or lava,
regional is over a large area beneath
surface
•When heat & pressure are applied to a
rock the crystals can flatten into layers
to give it a foliated texture
Unit 5 Review
Answer Pg. 190-191
MC #1-10, Fill In #1-10,
T or F #1-10
Essay #2,4
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
WHAT
IS A
ROCK ?
WHAT IS A
ROCK ?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
Place?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
Band?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
Movies?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?
People?
WHAT IS A ROCK ?