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Rocks and Minerals Vocabulary Part 2 Sedimentary Rock • Definition: formed by weathering causing sediments to build up in layers • Usually found where there used to be a river, lake, ocean, sea, etc. • p. 242 Notice the striping that goes across the rocks, that is formed by layers be set down in an ocean. Fossil • Definition: records of past life on earth • May be an imprint (mold), a bone, or the remains of something (cast) • p. 244 Mold • Definition: a hollow space in a rock with the shape of an animal or plant • This is like when you make an imprint of your hand in clay or plaster • Most often found in sedimentary rock Cast • Definition: hard sediments in the form of an animal or plant • This is what happens when the animal or plant materials are replaced by minerals (all dinosaur bones) Conglomerate • Definition: sedimentary rocks made of small pebbles and dirt • Think of pulling up a piece of concrete – with big stones and small pebbles and the tiny pieces that pull it all together • Miss Veach has a good example, if you come ask nicely to see it – sorry, I couldn’t find a good picture. Erosion • Definition: the process of soil being washed away (by water) • Related word: Weathering, the process of soil being blown away • p. 264-266 Weathering Erosion Crystal • Definition: a pattern of atoms repeated so many times it becomes large enough to be seen Water crystals Diamond crystal Igneous Rock • Definition: formed when hot liquid rock cools • p. 246 Lava • Definition: magma or hot liquid rock that pours out of a volcano Magma • Definition: hot liquid rock found in the core of the earth • You can’t see a picture of it because once it comes out of the earth (where we could take a picture) it is called lava! Volcano • Definition: an opening in the Earth where magma comes onto the Earth’s surface (crust) • p. 270 Iceland Metamorphic Rock • Definition: formed by heat and pressure • Starts as Igneous or Sedimentary rock that is changed by heat and/or pressure • p. 248 When granite is put under heat and pressure it becomes gneiss – the wavy part shows the pressure it was under. Rock Cycle p. 248-249 extreme heat heat and pressure Sedimentary Rock Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Magma
