Download Types of Rocks

Warm up
1.Describe how a cake is made.
2.Describe how a sandwich is made.
3.Describe how ice cream is made.
4.What do cake, sandwiches, and ice cream
have in common?
5.What are some differences between the
ways these things are made?
Daily learning objective
• We will be able to explain the formation of the 3
types of rocks
3.1 The Rock Cycle
Rocks
 Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or
mineral-like matter occurring naturally
as a part of our planet.
 Types of Rocks
• The 3 kinds of rocks are igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic
The Rock Cycle - Interactions between
Earth’s water, air, land, and living things can cause
rocks to change from one type to another
The Rock Cycle
Summary video on rock cycle
https://www.khanacademy.org/part
ner-content/mit-k12/mit-k12biology/v/rock-cycle
Igneous Rocks
• formed by the crystallization of molten
magma or lava.
• Magma is molten material deep beneath
the Earth’s surface
• Lava is molten material above the surface
Igneous
Rocks
3.2 Igneous Rocks
Formation of Igneous Rocks
1. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed
when magma hardens beneath Earth’s
surface.
2. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed
when lava hardens (above the Earth’s
surface).
3.2 Igneous Rocks
Classification of Igneous Rocks
 Igneous rocks can be classified based
on their composition and texture.
1. Texture
• Coarse-grained texture is caused by slow
cooling resulting in larger crystals.
• Fine-grained texture is caused by rapid
cooling resulting in smaller, interconnected
mineral grains.
Course-Grained Igneous Texture
Granite
Fine-Grained Igneous Texture
Rhyolite
3.2 Igneous Rocks
Classification of Igneous Rocks
1. Texture (continued)
• Glassy texture is caused by very rapid cooling.
2. Composition
• What minerals the rock is made of, based on
the proportions of light and dark minerals in the
rock.
Obsidian Exhibits a Glassy Texture.
Porphyritic Igneous Texture
Basalt
Classification of Igneous Rocks
3.3 Sedimentary Rocks
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
• Erosion involves the weathering and the
removal of rock.
• Deposition occurs when an agent of
erosion—water, wind, ice, or gravity—loses
energy and drops sediments.
Sedimentary
Rocks
Sedimentary Rock Formation
3.3 Sedimentary Rocks
• Compaction is a process that squeezes, or
compacts, sediments.
• Cementation takes place when dissolved
minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces
among the sediments.
3 Types of Sedimentary Rock
1. Clastic – composed of weathered bits of
rocks and minerals
– Classified by particle size
– Ex: Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate, Grand
canyon & the wave in Arizona
Shale with Plant Fossils
Sandstone
Conglomerate
The Wave, Page, AZ
Grand Canyon, Arizona
3 Types of Sedimentary Rock
2. Chemical – When minerals dissolve out of
water
– Ex: limestone (caves), coal, rock salt
Fossiliferous Limestone
Carlsbad Caverns, NM
Stalactites
Stalagmites
3 Types of Sedimentary Rock
3. Organic – Formed by fossils or organic
matter within the rock layers
Classification of
Sedimentary Rocks
3.4 Metamorphic Rocks
Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
 Metamorphism means “to change
form.”
 Igneous and sedimentary rocks change
at elevated temperatures and pressures
deep within the Earth or during mountain
building
Metamorphic
Rocks
3.4 Metamorphic Rocks
Agents of Metamorphism
 Heat
• Provides the energy needed to drive chemical
reactions
 Pressure
• Causes a more compact rock with greater
density
Origin of Pressure in
Metamorphism
3.4 Metamorphic Rocks
Agents of Metamorphism
 Hydrothermal Solutions
• Hot water-based solutions escaping from
magma
• Dissolves original minerals and then deposits
new ones
3.4 Metamorphic Rocks
Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
 Two main categories
1. Foliated Metamorphic Rock
• Has a banded or layered appearance
2. Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
• Does not have a banded texture
Classification of
Metamorphic Rocks
Gneiss Typically Displays a
Banded Appearance
Marble—A Nonfoliated
Metamorphic Rock
WHAT
TYPE
OF
ROCK?
• This rock was formed by the
compaction and cementation of
sediment
• This rock was formed by melting
and cooling of magma.
• This rock was formed by heat and
pressure deep within the Earth.
• This type of rock is found near
volcanos.
• This type of rock is found deep
within the Earth.
• This type of rock is much like our
ice cream, it starts as a liquid and
then cools into a solid.
• This type of rock is much like our
sandwich. It is made of many
layers stacked on top of each
other.
• This type of rock is like our cake.
It is baked but not melted.
• This type of rock can be intrusive
or extrusive.
• This type of rock can be clastic or
chemical.
Exit Ticket – please write the questions
AND answers in complete sentences.
1. What are the three types of rock called?
2. How are each of the three types of rock
created?
3. What are the two different types of
igneous rock?
4. What types of sedimentary rock did we
discuss, and how are they different from
one another?