Download Metamorphic Rock Lab Materials

Schist
Pumice
Rocks
pg 84
Pegmatite
Scoria
coquina
Gneiss
Rocks
A
rock is a naturally
occurring solid that is
usually made up of one or
more types of minerals.
How are rock
classified?

Rocks are classified by how they are
formed, their composition, and texture.
There are three main categories of rock:
igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Rock Cycle

Rocks change over time through the
rock cycle. The rock cycle is the set
of natural processes that form,
change, break down and re-form
rocks. It is a continuous process;
therefore it has no beginning and no
end.
limestone
Gabbro



Few rock types do not contain any minerals at
all.
Ex. Obsidian which is made of natural glass,
which is not a mineral because it doesn’t have
a crystal structure.
Ex. Coal is made up of the remains of ancient
plants that have been buried and pressed into
rock.
coal
Obsidian
Rock Types


Rocks are classified by how they form.
The 3 types of rocks are:



Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Igneous Rocks
Page 86
Igneous Rocks



Igneous rocks are formed from melted
minerals that have cooled and hardened.
The term “igneous” means born of fire
There are two types of igneous rocks:
intrusive and extrusive
Intrusive Igneous Rocks


Intrusive igneous rocks are formed
underground from cooled magma. They
have large crystals because magma deep
below the surface cools slowly.
Most common Intrusive Igneous= Granite
Granite
Extrusive Igneous Rocks


Extrusive Igneous rock is formed from
cooled lava on the Earth’s surface. They
have small crystals because lava cools too
quickly for larger crystals to form.
Most common Extrusive Igneous rock=
Basalt (The Hawaiian Islands are made of
Basalt, resulting from volcanic eruptions.)
Basalt
Extrusive Igneous Rocks

If lava cools so quickly that no crystals
form you end up with a rock called
obsidian, which is glassy and smooth.
Variety of color & transparency
Sedimentary Rocks
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Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks are formed by weathered
(breaking a rock down) and eroded (moving
the broken pieces) bits of sediments like sand,
soil, pebbles, and the remains of dead plants
and animals are deposited(where they land). As
the layers settle on top of each other they get
compacted and cemented (pressed and
hardened) together to make a Sedimentary
Rock.
Three types of Sedimentary
Rocks:
 Clastic
 Chemical
 Organic
Clastic Rocks

Clastic – form from fragments of other
rocks. These are the most common types
of Sedimentary Rocks


Examples: Shale, Conglomerate, Sandstone
Examples are: Shale, Conglomerate,
Sandstone
Chemical Rocks

Chemical – form from chemicals dissolved
in water.

Example: Limestone, Rock Salt, Gypsum
Organic Rocks

Organic – form from the remains of living
things.


Example: Limestone is made from shells of clams
and mussels that pile up on the oceanfloor
Did you know? Limestone makes chalk!
Metamorphic Rocks
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Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks are formed by heat
and pressure from deep inside the Earth.
This heat and pressure squeezes, bends or
bands, and twists rock from all sides. Hot
fluids move through the rock. The heat,
pressure, and liquids can change the
texture and look of the rock.
Foliated Metamorphic Rock


Foliated metamorphic rocks have visible
bands. You see the layers within the
rocks.
Examples are: Slate, Gneiss and Schist
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock


Non-foliated are metamorphic rock that do
NOT have visible bends or bands.
Example: Marble
Metamorphic Rock Lab
Materials:
3 Different Colored Starburst
Analysis:
Procedures:
Unwrap the starburst.
Stack the starburst on top of each other in the
open palms of your hands.
Push your palms together slowly. (Do Not
Twist!)
Hold the candy for 3 minute.
Open your hands.
Observe the candy.
1. Why did each student receive 3 different colored
starburst? What does it represent?
2. What forces are being added to the candy? ____ and
____
3. What did you observe after completing the
experiment?
4. Is this an example of a foliated or nonfoliated
metamorphic rock?
5. Explain how a metamorphic rock is formed.
How do they all fit together in the
rock cycle?