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Erosion & Deposition
Erosion and Deposition
• Weathering
– the process by which natural forces
break down rock and soil
Erosion and Deposition
• Erosion
– the process by which natural forces
move weathered rock and soil from
one place to another
Erosion and Deposition
• Erosion
– Causes of erosion:
• Gravity
• Running water
• Wind
• Glaciers
Causes of Erosion
• Gravity
– Force that moves rock and other materials
downhill
– Mass movement—process of moving
sediment downhill
• May be fast or slow
Causes of Erosion
• Gravity
– Force that moves rock and other
materials downhill
– Mass movement—process of
moving sediment downhill
• May be fast or slow
– Types of mass movement:
• Landslides—rock & soil
slide quickly down a steep
slope
Causes of Erosion
• Gravity
– Force that moves rock and other
materials downhill
– Mass movement—process of
moving sediment downhill
• May be fast or slow
– Types of mass movement:
• Mudflows—rapid downhill
movement of a mixture of
water, rock, and soil
Causes of Erosion
• Gravity
– Force that moves rock and other materials downhill
– Mass movement—process of moving sediment downhill
• May be fast or slow
– Types of mass movement:
• Slump—one large mass of
rock and soil suddenly slips
down a slope
Causes of Erosion
• Gravity
– Force that moves rock and other materials downhill
– Mass movement—process of moving sediment downhill
• May be fast or slow
– Types of mass movement:
• Creep—very slow downhill
movement of rock and soil
Causes of Erosion
• Running Water
– #1 agent of erosion
Causes of Erosion
• Running Water
– #1 agent of erosion
– Types of running water:
• Streams
– Small streams = creeks
– Large streams = rivers
Colorado River
Grand Canyon
Causes of Erosion
• Running Water
– #1 agent of erosion
– Types of running
water:
• Waves
Causes of Erosion
• Wind
– Blows sediment
Dust Bowl
Sand dunes
Causes of Erosion
• Glaciers
– Large masses of moving ice
Alaska
– Movement
changes the land
beneath them
Erosion & Deposition
• Deposition
– the natural process of laying down
sediments in a new location
– creates new
landforms
Erosion & Deposition
• Deposition
– deposited sediments are laid down in layers
– layers of sediment are
compacted under pressure
and eventually form
sedimentary rock layers
Erosion & Deposition
• Deposition
– deposited sediments are laid down in layers
– Layers of sediment are compacted
under pressure and eventually form
sedimentary rock layers.
Sedimentary rocks
are like ogres and
onions…they have
layers.
Erosion & Deposition
• Deposition
– deposited sediments are laid down in layers
– Layers of sediment are compacted
under pressure and eventually form
sedimentary rock layers.
Most fossils are found in
sedimentary rocks because
organisms get covered and
preserved by the layers then
mineral replacement occurs over
time.
Weathering, erosion and deposition
are all part of a never-ending cycle that
constantly shapes and reshapes the
land.
Destructive forces—break down
Constructive forces—build up
Weathering, erosion and deposition are
all part of a never-ending cycle that
constantly shapes and reshapes the land.
Destructive
Forces
Destructive
Forces
Weathering
Erosion
Breaks down rock
Carries sediment away
Constructive
Forces
Deposition
Takes sediment to a new
location to build new rock layers
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