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Sedona, AZ Ryan Conlon Sedona, AZ Vanessa Lyons SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Typically consist of interlocking minerals crystallizing upon precipitation from seawater. LIMESTONE Composed of Calcite (CaCO3) Comprise 10-15% of all sedimentary rocks. CaCO3 precipitates in warm water. SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE CaCO3 precipitates in warm water. Related to the solubility of CaCO3. CO2 content goes down as water temperature rises. CaCO3 is more soluble at cold temperatures in ocean. Agitation of water also drives off CO2 making CaCO3 precipitate. Aquatic plants remove CO2 so more CaCO3 precipitates. Most chemical carbonates precipitate when all 3 work. SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE Grand Bahamas Banks Area of oolite production SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS EVAPORITES Precipitate from sea water. Include Gypsum Halite Sylvite Limestone Dolores River Paradox Valley, CO SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS EVAPORITES Typically found only in arid climates. White Sands National Monument, NM (gypsum) Subsurface salt deposits found in Colorado-Utah Michigan Gulf Coast SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Paradox Valley, Colorado White Sands National Monument, NM SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS EVAPORITES Salt Domes SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS DOLOMITE Composed of the mineral dolomite (Ca,Mg(CO3)2). Similar to limestone in appearance. Not really exactly sure how it is deposited. SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHERT Composed largely of silica (SiO2). Most are inorganic. Precipitate from SiO2-rich waters. Can occur as nodules. Cavities in limestone or dolomite fill with silica. SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Derived from living organisms. Principally limestone, chert and peat (some coals). Radiolarian Diatom SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE Composed of Calcite (CaCO3). Originate in warm, marine environments. Organisms extract Ca+2 and CO2 from water to make skeletons. Upon death, skeletal material accumulates forming LIMESTONE. Most limestones form in shallow waters on continental shelves in equatorial regions. Can also form in deep water. SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE Fossiliferous Limestone SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE Lithographic Limestone or Micrite SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LIMESTONE Coccolith Chalk SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHERT Can also be produced by organisms. From skeletons of radiolarians and diatoms. Radiolarians Diatoms SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS PEAT An organic sedimentary rock formed from plant debris. Accumulates in O2-poor swamps and bogs. With addition of heat and pressure can form coal. Peat Lignite Bituminous Anthracite SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS North American Coal Developed in two time periods Pennsylvanian ~ 280 million years ago. Formed mostly in Appalachian region. Cretaceous-Tertiary ~ 75 million years ago. Formed mostly in Rocky Mountain region. SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS North American Coal
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