Download Are you ready for chemistry?

Are you ready for chemistry?
Some terms:

Chemistry


Matter


The study of matter, its composition and its
interactions
Anything that has mass and occupies
space
Property

A characteristic
Physical Change

A change in which the substance changes
form, but not compostion
Chemical change

A change in which the substance changes
composition and makes something new.

http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/science
9/chemistry/lesson8c.html
Qualitative vs Quantitative

An observation that
does not contain a
number.

An observation that
does contain a
number.

Example: It is warm
outside.

Example: The
temperature outside
is 25C.
Mixture

A combination of two or more kinds of
matter, in which each component retains
its own characteristics.
Solution vs Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture in which the
different components are
mixed so that they
appear to be a single
substance

A mixture in which the
different components can
be distinctly seen.
Pure substance

A material that is composed of only one
type of particle. (Can be an element or a
compound.)
Element vs compound

A pure substance that
cannot be broken down
into smaller particles and
retain the same
properties.

A pure substance that is
composed of two or more
elements chemically
bonded in fixed
proportions.
Atomic number vs Mass number

The number of
protons in an atom

A sum of the protons
and neutrons in one
atom of a particular
element.
Isotope

Atoms of an element
that have the same
number of protons
but different numbers
of neutrons, giving
them a different mass
number.
Radioisotope

An unstable isotope of an element, which
undergoes radioactive decay.
Plutonium pellet
Gas Tests
Result
Oxygen
Type of Splint
Used
glowing
Hydrogen
Flaming
Pops
Carbon
Dioxide
Glowing
Extinguishes
Relights
5 Clues that a chemical reaction has
taken place:



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
1. A colour change is observed.
2. The change is difficult to reverse.
3. Bubbles of gas are produced.
4. Heat or light is released or absorbed.
5. A precipitate forms when two
solutions are mixed.
Physical or Chemical Change?

A. Rusting of metal?


B. Dissolving of sugar?


chemical
E. Dynamite exploding?


physical
D. Burning Leaves?


physical
C. Water freezing?


Chemical
chemical
F. Shattering Glass?

Physical
Qualitative or Quantitative

A. The flame from the burning carbon was 4 cm
high.


B. Coal is the primary source of carbon.


Qualitative
C. The apple has a mass of 200g.


Quantitative
Quantitative
D. Mercury is a silver liquid at room temperature.

Qualitative
Name
Symbol
Name
Symbol
Hydrogen
H
Carbon
C
Oxygen
O
Sodium
Na
Aluminum
Al
Chlorine
Cl
Calcium
Ca
Iodine
I
Lithium
Li
Gold
Au
Potassium
K
Lead
Pb
Calcium:

A. In what period is it located?


B. In what group is it located?


2
C. What is its atomic number?


4
20
D. What is its atomic mass?

40 amu
Two main types of bonds

Ionic Bonding

Electrons are
transferred from a
metal to a non-metal

Covalent bonding

Electrons are shared
between two nonmetals
Binary Compounds

A. MgO


B. Li3P


Barium chloride
E. K2S


Calcium bromide
D. BaCl2


Lithium phosphide
C. CaBr2


Magnesium oxide
Potassium sulphide
F. AlN

Aluminum nitride
Write the word equation for each
of the following:

A. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce
magnesium oxide.


Magnesium + oxygen  Magnesium oxide
B. Copper (II) sulphate reacts with lithium nitrate
to produce lithium sulphate and copper (II)
nitrate.

Copper (II) sulphate + lithium nitrate  lithium
sulphate + copper (II) nitrate
5 types of chemical reactions.

1. Synthesis

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2. Decomposition

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Two or more substances become one
A + B  AB
One substance breaks down into two or more
products
AB  A + B
3. Single Displacement


One element replaces another in a compound
A + BC  AC + B or AB + C  CB + A
5 types of chemical reactions

4. Double Displacement



Two compounds switch ions.
AB + CD  CB + AD
5. Combustion


A reaction with oxygen that produces carbon
dioxide and water
Hydrocarbon +
O2  H2O + CO2