Download NS3310 Physical Science Studies

NS3310 - Physical
Science Studies
Atoms and Molecules
Matter is made of atoms
Robert Boyle
“corpuscules”
Democritus
the concept of atomism
John Dalton
Niels Bohr
modern concept
of the atom
law of multiple
proportions
Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and
electrons
• The Atomic Nucleus
– Protons
– Neutrons
• Electrons
Elements are determined by the number of protons
in their nucleus
• Atomic number
• Atomic mass
• Valence
The Periodic Table
• The periodic
table arranges
the elements in
such a way that
you can tell what
the element’s
properties are
and how they will
behave
chemically
Ions
• Ions are atoms with more or less electrons
than normal
– Cations
– Anions
– Ionic compounds
Isotopes
• Isotopes are atoms with more or less
neutrons than normal
– Radioactivity
• Fusion
• Fission
– Half-life
Molecules
• Compounds are molecules made from two or
more elements
• Mixtures
• Solutions
Key Concepts
• Matter is made of atoms
• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons
• Elements are determined by the number of protons
in the nucleus of the atom
• The periodic table arranges the elements in such a
way that you can tell what the element’s properties
are and how they will behave chemically
Key Concepts
•
Isotopes are atoms with more or less neutrons than normal
•
Ions are atoms with more or less electrons than normal
•
Compounds are molecules with two or more elements
•
A chemical change occurs when compounds change during an interaction with
each other
•
Physical changes occur when the appearance of the material changes but the
molecules are not changed
•
Mixtures are a physical combination of two or more elements or compounds
•
Solutions are a chemical combination of a solute in a solvent