Download Periodic Table Notes

Periodic Table Notes
Protons
 Protons found in nucleus of
atom
 Positive charge
 Number of Protons determine
atomic number of atom
Neutrons
• Found in nucleus of atom
• Neutral= Proton with an Electron
smashed into it
• As an atom decomposes the Neutron
breaks into the Proton and Electron.
• Protons + Neutrons =atomic weight of
atom
• Isotopes are same element but different
number of Neutrons
Electrons
• Electrons revolve around the
nucleus of atom.
• Negative charge. Very small
particles.
• Chemical reactions occur using
electrons.
• In atoms electron number equal
proton number.
Periodic Table
Back cover of textbook
 Period- across periodic table. Tells how
many shells of Electrons are present.
 Group- down periodic table. Groups are
elements that have similar valence shells of
electrons.
 Group 18 noble gases have all shells filled
(non-reactive)
 Group 17 is short one electron and is very
reactive.
 Group I has an extra electron and is also very
reactive.
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Atoms have No charge- equal number
of Protons and Electrons. The
smallest unit of an Element that is
still that Element.
Ions- Charged particles.
Cations- positive ions with more
Protons than Electrons.
Anions- negative ions with more
Electrons than Protons.
Chemical Bonds terms
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Elements- Pure substances made up of only
one type of atom
Compounds- Substances made of more than
one type of atom
Molecule- Substance made of more than one
atom. Can be the same element. Ex. O2 or
CO2
Chemical bonds- inter atom connections
Covalent Bonds- Shared electrons
Ionic Bonds- gain or loss of electrons
Hydrogen Bonds- Polar attractions between
atoms or molecules