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Review of Inorganic Chemistry
Section 1: Composition of Matter
Atomic Structure
e-
Nucleus
p+
n0
Electron Cloud
Atomic Structure
6
Atomic Number = protons/electrons
C
Carbon
12.011
Atomic Mass = protons + neutrons
Atomic Structure
Properties of Subatomic Particles
Subatomic Particle Symbol
Location
Charge Mass (amu)
Neutron
n0
Nucleus
0
1.0087
Proton
p+
Nucleus
+1
1.0073
Electron
e-
Electron Cloud
-1
0.00006
Useful Equations:
protons = atomic #
electrons = atomic #
neutrons = atomic mass - atomic #
Atomic Structure
Hydrogen
Helium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Elements
92 elements occur in nature
CHNOPS are the six biologically
important atoms that make up 99% of
living tissue
Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same
element that differ in the number of
neutrons they contain.
Nonradioactive carbon-12
Nonradioactive carbon-13
6 electrons
6 protons
6 neutrons
6 electrons
6 protons
7 neutrons
Radioactive carbon-14
6 electrons
6 protons
8 neutrons
Isotopes
Ionic Bonding
An ionic
bond is a
bond formed
by the
electrical
attraction
between two
oppositely
charged ions.
Ionic Bonding
Sodium atom (Na)
Chlorine atom (Cl)
Sodium ion (Na+)
Chloride ion (Cl-)
Transfer
of electron
Protons +11
Electrons -11
Charge
0
Protons +17
Electrons -17
Charge
0
Protons +11
Electrons -10
Charge
+1
Protons +17
Electrons -18
Charge
-1
Ionic Bonding
Covalent Bonding
A covalent
bond is a
bond that
forms when
two atoms
share one or
more pairs of
electrons.
Covalent Bonding
Section 2: Mixtures
Mixtures
Substances in a
mixture retain
their original
properties.
There are two
types of
mixtures:
Solutions
Solutions are
a type of
homogeneous
mixture.
A solute is
dissolved into
solvent to
make a
solution.
Saturated Solutions
Suspension
Particles in
suspensions settle out
over time because
they are large.
Colloids
Particles in a
colloid are
intermediate in
size, but do not
settle out over
time.
Colloid
Solution
Acids & Bases
H2O  H+ + OHH2O + H+  H3O+
Acids contain more H3O+ than OH-
Bases contain more OH- than H3O+
Neutral Solutions: [H3O+] = [OH-]
pH
pH
pH
Scale
Section 3: Energy
Chemical Reactions
Reactants  Products
Types of Chemical Reactions
Synthesis
Decomposition
Exchange
Energy & Chemical Reactions
Endothermic Reaction
Exothermic Reaction
Products
Activation
energy
Activation energy
Reactants
Reactants
Products
Energy & Chemical Reactions
Endothermic Reaction
Exothermic Reaction