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National Communication
exercise_a tool for
mainstreaming climate change
into national policy and
planing
Albania case
Ermira Fida, MBA
National Manager; Climate Change Unit
Bonn, 12 May 2005
Content of presentation
Country context
Albania and UNFCCC
Highlights from INC

Inventory, abatement, V&A
Efforts to mainstreaming

National energy strategy
 Energy efficiency, RES, GHG reduction
The way forward
Country context
Surface Area 28,748 km²
Population of 3,3 million (1999).
Since 1998 the country has seen
steady progress.


As of 2003 GDP growth average
7% per year,
Inflation at 2-4%, with stable
currency
However:
 46.6% of the population is
below the poverty line of $2
per day
 53% of the population lives off
the land.
 High levels of migration (15% is
abroad) and unemployment.
NSSED / PRSP



In line with MDGs
Aims at poverty reduction
Address environment protection
Albania and UNFCCC & KP
Joined the UNFCCC in January 1995

Non-Annex I Party to the UNFCCC
Joined Kyoto Protocol



December 2004: Law on ratification of KP from RoA””
1 April 2005: Instruments of ratification
30 June 2005: Albania becomes a Party to KP
INC submitted and launched at COP8, India. (10/CP2)




GHG inventory
GHG mitigation analysis
Vulnerability & Adaptation
National Climate Change Action Plan – part of NEAP
Technology Needs Assessment completed


Mitigation technologies
Adaptation technologies
SNC started on April 2005 (17/CP8)
INC- highlights from GHG inventory
N2O
4.19%
CH4
[7061.45 Gg] CO2 eqv
emissions total for
1994
30.49%
CO2
65.32%
Waste
4.81%
Energy
44.00%
LUCF
21.60%
Agriculture
27.12%
Industrial
Process.
2.96%
CO2 - the main GHG –
65%
Energy sector –the
main source category44%
GHG inventory: main indicators
Arm enia
Albania
Fyrom
Denmark
361
Austria
362
Italy
391
Japan
510
1.30
1.97
3.11
Italy
6.60
Austria
7.10
European Union
539
Greece
7.50
Germany
560
European Union
8.40
UK
595
Japan
8.60
USA
650
UK
Germ any
Denm ark
9.20
Greece
10.50
Fyrom
12.00
USA
Albania
19.80
CO2/Capita
1026
2437
3758
Armenia
6876
CO2/GDP
Electricity generation
(GWh)
Electricity consumption
(ktoe) 4500
4250
4000
3750
3500
3250
3000
2750
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
Household
Service
Others
Industry
Agriculture
Energy intensity
High intensity
&
Low consumption / capita
Greece-90
2.500
2.375
2.250
2.125
2.000
1.875
1.750
1.625
1.500
1.375
1.250
1.125
1.000
0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500
0.375
0.250
0.125
0.000
Greece-95
Greece-00
Croatia-00
Croatia-95
Croatia-90
Albania industry - very
energy intensive
Low energy prices
Low energy consumption
per capita
Albania-90
Albania-95
Albania-00
energy intensity (toe/1000 USD GDP)
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
2
2.2
Low levels of economic
activity
INC- highlights from GHG abatement
Gg
90000
80000
70000
2020
60000
2010
50000
2000
40000
1994
LUCF
13%
Industry
4%
30000
20000
10000
Energy & transport
0
Total
CO2
CH4
N20
Baseline scenario
CO2 eqv., emissions total 2020:
37,653 Gg
83%
Baseline scenario:
CO2 emissions in 2020:
22, 562 Gg
INC- highlights from GHG abatement
Co mmer
7.0%
Resident.
5.4%
A gricult.
6.4%
Energy
Ind.
20%
CO2 from fuel combustion
Industry (35%)

Transpo r
t
27%
Industry
35%

Transport (27%)

3000
manufacturing
construction
Road
Energy Industries (20%)
2536.69
2500
2000
1500
1000
316.82
500
49.44
0
oil
coal
natural gas
Oil (87%)
Coal (11%)
INC- GHG abatement measures
End-use energy efficiency improvement
Supply-use energy efficiency improvement
Renewable energy
Fuel switching
Agriculture
Industrial processes
Solvent and other product use
Waste management
Sinks (aforestation and reforestation)
INC- highlights from GHG abatement
26
24
reductio n o f GHG in energy transfo rmatio n secto r
reductio n o f GHG fro m energy co nsumptio n in transpo rt
reductio n o f GHG fro m energy co nsumptio n in agriculture
reductio n o f GHG fro m energy co nsumptio n in industry
reductio n o f GHG fro m energy co nsumptio n in service
reductio n o f GHG fro m energy co nsumptio n in residential
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
GHG reduction potential abatement (million tons of CO2 eqv) Energy and Transport
2020
2018
2016
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
0
INC- highlights from GHG abatement
INC- highlights from GHG abatement
Marginal cost of proposed measures
INC-Adaptation
20
20000
15000
10000
Spring
Summer
Autumn
5000
Winter
Annual
Impact to water resources
electricity generation –
alternative scenario
2024
2022
2020
2018
2016
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
-100
0
1998
Time Horizons
1996
-80
2100
1994
-60
2050
1992
-40
2025
1990
-20
The average change in mean sesonal runoff
(%)
0
25000
Efforts in mainstreaming…
National Communication to UNFCCC not ONLY a
reporting exercise but a tool for mainstreaming and
programming as well:


Major findings from INC/TNA have been addressed to the
National Energy Strategy that complements NSSED/PRSP
Mobilizing resources to funding of priority technologies
 Energy efficiency (buildings)
 Solar panels –HWS
 Adaptation project (Drini River Delta)

Raise awareness among policy makers on climate change
 Kyoto Protocol ratification
National Strategy of Energy (NSE)
Objectives:
Establish of an efficient energy sector from the
financial & technical point of view
Increase of the security and reliability of the energy
supply in general and electricity in particular, in
national and regional levels
Establish of an effective institutional and regulatory
framework
Optimization of the supply system with energy
sources based on the least cost planning principle and
minimal environmental pollution
NES- Energy saving scenario
3600
3400
3200
850
Ktoe
800
23%
3000
2800
750
700
650
2600
2400
600
2200
2000
500
1800
1600
400
1400
1200
1000
800
550
450
Energy Savings
350
Pasive Scenario
Active Scenario
300
250
200
600
400
150
200
0
50
100
0
Energy Savings
Energy Savings
Energy Savings
Energy Savings
Energy Savings
in Agriculture
in Transport
in Industry
in Service
in Households
NES- Renewable energy supply
NES-GHG reduction
10500
10000
9500
9000
8500
8000
7500
7000
6500
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Reduction of CO2 equivalent
Passive
Active
4 million
CO2 eqv
NES-investments needed
Year
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENT NEED
1.
Investment Needed for energy saving in households
[MUSD]
0.00 7.52
8.93 10.2 11.8 13.2 14.8 16.7 18.2 20.1 21.8 23.7
2.
Investment Needed for energy saving in service
[MUSD]
0.00 9.24
9.89 10.7 11.6 12.5 13.7 15.0 16.2 17.6 19.0 20.6
3.
Investment Needed for energy saving in industry
[MUSD]
0.00 6.42
6.79 7.34 7.79 8.25 8.69 9.16 9.62 10.1 10.5 11.0
4.
Investment Needed for energy saving in transport
[MUSD]
0.00 2.20
5.10 8.52 12.4 16.8 21.8 27.4 33.4 39.9 46.8 54.2
5.
Investment Needed for energy saving in agriculture sector
[MUSD]
0.00 0.90
1.80 3.00 4.10 5.40 6.80 8.20 9.70 11.3 13.0 14.8
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE INVESTMENT NEEDED
6.
Investment Needed for Penetration of Solar Water Heaters
[MUSD]
0.00 9.27 10.15 11.1 12.1 13.2 14.4 16.0 17.3 18.9 20.4 22.1
7.
Investment Needed for Rehabilitation/Construction of Small Hydro Power Plants
[MUSD]
0.00 3.00
4.00 4.80 6.30 7.32 8.44 8.00 10.2 10.4 12.0 12.5
TOTAL INVESTMENT NEEDED ENERGY EFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Investment
0
39
47
56
66
77
89 100 115 128 144 159
[MUSD]
15
25.5
21.9
11.8
62.1
16.6
23.5
13.4
175
Energy Efficiency Law
The aim of this law is to create the legal framework
required for the promotion and improvement of the
efficient utilization of energy in Albania with a minimal
impact to the environment
Law addresses:








National Energy Efficiency Policy
Objectives of Energy Efficiency Promotion
Local Energy Offices
Labeling of Electric Appliances
Energy Audits Responsibilities of the energy auditor and of
persons subject of the audit
Licensing of Energy Auditing
Energy Efficiency Fund (sources and administration of fund)
Activities funded by the Energy Efficiency Fund
The way forward….
Continue with GHG abatement
More focus on adaptation issues


Coastal zone
Water resources and their impact to hydro electricity
generation
Public awareness

Engage public sector and civil society
Resource mobilization



Energy efficiency
Renewable energy
CDM
Thank you!