Download Folie 1

EFFECTS OF
ANTHROPOGENIC
EMISSIONS ON
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
BY
NWADIKE ONYINYECHUKWU
1
Outline
 Introduction
 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
 Ozone Production and Loss
Processes
 Effect of Volcanic Eruption
 Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone
Recovery
 Conclusion / Summary
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
2
Outiline
 Introduction
 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
 Ozone Production and Loss
Processes
 Effect of Volcanic Eruption
 Effect of Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Recovery
 Conclusion / Summary
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
3
The climate system and interaction
Glossary: Luft=air, Eis=ice, Wechselwirkung=interaction, Kreisläufe=cycles, kurzwellig=shortwave,
langwellig=long wave, Schnee=snow, Weltraum=space,Strömung=current, Seen=lakes, Flüsse=rivers,
Niederschlag=precipitation, Zuläufe=streams, Wolken=clouds
Mark Weber, 2004
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
4
Outline
 Introduction
 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
 Ozone Production and Loss
Processes
 Effect of Volcanic Eruption
 Effect of Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Recovery
 Conclusion / Summary
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
5
Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
+VE Forcing, warming of
the earth by WMGHG
conc.
-VE Forcing, ozone
depletion in
stratosphere, cooling
of earth.
WMO, 2006
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
Primary forcing mechanism affecting
stratospheric climate change
6
The Roles of Trace Gases in the
Stratosphere
Willams Brunne, 1991
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
7
Sources ,Reservior, and Reactive Species for the
Chemical Species
Willams Brunne, 1991
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
8
Outiline
 Introduction
 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
 Ozone Production and Loss
Processes
 Effect of Volcanic Eruption
 Effect of Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Recovery
 Conclusion / Summary
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
9
Stratospheric Ozone
Production
WMO, 2006
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
10
CHAPMAN CYCLE
O 2  h v  O ( P ) + O ( P )    2 4 0 n m 
J1
3
3
O  O 2  M  O 3  M
O 3  h  O 2  O ( D ) (   3 2 0 n m )
J2
O  O 3  2 O
28/11/2007
1
2
Nwadike Onyinye
11
OZONE DESTRUCTION CYCLE
WMO, 2006
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
12
Principal Steps in the Depletion
of Stratospheric Ozone
WMO, 2006
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
13
Polar Ozone Depletion
Hofmann et al. 1994
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
14
Outline
 Introduction
 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
 Ozone Production and Loss
Processes
 Effect of Volcanic Eruption
 Effect of Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Recovery
 Conclusion / Summary
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
15
Effect of Volcanism
Large volcanic
eruptions
decreases solar
transmission to
Earth’s surface.
Increase in ozone
depletion by the
emitted particles.
WMO, 2006
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
16
Outline
 Introduction
 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
 Ozone Production and Loss
Processes
 Effect of Volcanic Eruption
 Effect of Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Recovery
 Conclusion / Summary
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
17
Global Ozone: Recovery Stages
WMO, 2006
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
18
Outline
 Introduction
 Atmospheric Forcing of Climate
Change: Anthropogenic effect
 Ozone Production and Loss
Processes
 Effect of Volcanic Eruption
 Effect of Montreal Protocol on
Ozone Recovery
 Conclusion / Summary
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
19
Conclusions/Summary
 CFCs account for large ozone destruction
because they have longer lifetime
 Human activites contribute to indirect
radiative forcing effect
 Volcanic eruptions is a natural process
that enhance Ozone depletion but cannot
be predicted.
 Montreal Protocol may lead to a complete
ozone recovery by the year 2100
28/11/2007
Nwadike Onyinye
20
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
ANY QUESTIONS?