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The Chemistry of Climate Change Greenhouse Effect 300 nm Greenhouse Gases SpeciesAbsorption Region Estimated Global Warming H 2O 2.5, 3.5, 5-7 mm ~110 Wm-2 CO2 14-19 mm ~50 Wm-2 CH4 3-4, 7-8.5 mm ~1.7 Wm-2 O3 9-10 mm ~1.3 Wm-2 Global Warming Potential GWP H 0 H 0 ai (t ) : ai (t )Ci (t )dt aC (t )CC (t )dt Due to species i Due to CO2 Radiative forcing (net change in the flow of radiative energy per unit mass) Concentration of Greenhouse Ci (t ) : gas Global Warming Potential H GWP ai e t / i dt 0 H aCO2 e t / CO2 0 dt ai i aCO2 CO2 1 e H / i H / 1 e CO2 Climate Change Indicator Integration Time Period Maximum change in Temperature ~100 years Rate of change in Temperature ~20-50 years Maximum change in Sea Level >100 years Rate of change in Sea Level >50 years GAS GWP Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1 Methane (CH4) 21 Nitrous oxide (N2O) 310 HFC-23 11,700 HFC-32 2,800 HFC-125 1,300 HFC-134a 3,800 HFC-143a 140 HFC-152a 2,900 HFC-227ea 2,900 HFC-236fa 6,300 HFC-4310mee 1,300 CF4 6,500 C2F6 9,200 SF6 23,900 Global Warming Potentials