Download Conceptual and Practical Challenges in the

Conceptual and Practical Challenges
in the Operationalization of
REDD in Tanzania
Simon Milledge
Consultant, Royal Norwegian Embassy, Dar es Salaam
[email protected]
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
1
Post-Kyoto and Forests
GHG emissions by source

Big

Cheap

Quick

Win-win
Transport
Energy supply
Industry
Waste
Buildings
Forestry
Agriculture
Source: IPCC. 2007. Fourth Assessment Report
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
2
REDD
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
System to reward individuals, communities,
projects and countries that reduce GHG
emissions from forests
 Potential to increase financial inflows from
public funding, international development aid,
private investment, international carbon
markets
 Next stop: Copenhagen at UNFCCC CoP15

20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
3
Mitigation options
Source: Rights and Resources Initiative. 2008. Climate Change and
Governance in the Forestry Sector
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
4
Conceptual challenges
International level
International
REDD-PES scheme
National level
National
REDD-PES scheme
Sub-national level
Aid (ODA)
Compliance
(offset)
markets
REDD
payments
National
REDD
Fund
Emission
reductions
Other?
Communities

Performance
based

Competitive
National
REDD
‘DNA’
Emission
reductions
REDD
payments
Land users
Global fund
Local
governments
Source: CIFOR. 2008. Moving ahead with REDD
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
5
Conceptual challenges

Incentive driven not
driver (PSR) focused

Additional not
substitutional to forest
management basics

Different perceptions
and interests
20 February 2009
PRESSURE
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
STATE
RESPONSE
6
National REDD Implementation
International
UNFCCC
Development
partners
National
International policy
engagement
POLICY AND PLANNING
COORDINATION AND COMPLIANCE
Assistance with REDD Readiness
Negotiation
Liability,
contracting
and payments
CARBON
BUYERS
Local
National Climate Change SC
National REDD Technical Committee
National REDD Coordinator
CARBON
FINANCING
Fund management,
equitable benefit
sharing
National Carbon
(REDD) Fund
CARBON
MARKETING
CARBON STOCK
MANAGEMENT
National Carbon
Marketing Department?
CARBON
VERIFIERS
Verification
and reporting
International
verification
Research and
education
20 February 2009
Stakeholder
engagement
Central and local
government
owned forests
CARBON
ACCOUNTING
JFM
Community or
privately
owned forests
Land/forest
management,
monitoring and
assessment
National Carbon
Monitoring Centre
Networking and
Piloting and
Tanzania
Natural
Resource
Forum
awareness
learning
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
Capacity building
and training
7
Technical challenges

Scope
Reduced
-ve change
Enhanced
+ve change
Variation with:
Strategies
 Forest type and
others
 Soil, climate
 Tenure
 Landscape uses,
opportunity costs
 Infrastructure

Forest area
(ha)
Avoided
deforestation
Aforestation
Reforestation
SFM
Carbon density
(C/ha)
Avoided
degradation
Regeneration
Restoration
Forest carbon = forest area (ha) x carbon density (C/ha)
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
8
Technical challenges








Scale
Reference levels/baselines
Leakage
Permanence
Liability
MARV
Financing and fungibility
Benefit sharing
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
◊
◊
◊
◊ phased
approach likely
9
Technical issues
Co-Benefits
 Markets
Compliance
Variation with:

Voluntary
Payment for
reduced
emissions
Y
Y
Co-benefits
?
?
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
Strategies
 Land cover
 Soil, climate
 Tenure
 Landscape uses
 Socio-economic
status
 Biodiversity
 Infrastructure

10
Socially responsible REDD
International
UNFCCC
National
International policy
engagement
POLICY AND PLANNING
COORDINATION AND COMPLIANCE
Negotiation
Liability,
contracting
and payments
CARBON
BUYERS
Local
CARBON
FINANCING
Fund management,
equitable benefit
sharing
CARBON
MARKETING
CARBON
VERIFIERS
CARBON STOCK
MANAGEMENT
Verification
and reporting
International
verification
Research and
education
20 February 2009
Stakeholder
engagement
CARBON
ACCOUNTING
Land/forest
management,
monitoring and
assessment
Networking and
Piloting and
Tanzania
Natural
Resource
Forum
awareness
learning
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
Capacity building
and training
11
Sustainability issues






Factoring cost-benefit
analyses (esp. FFF)
Addressing drivers
Unexpected impacts
Volatility
Long-term valuation
Futures risk
management
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
12
National REDD Strategy
Framework
1st draft
Jan 2009
Zero draft
Dec 2009
IRA facilitating Task Force
●
●
●
●
●
●
Action
Plan
Strategy
Final draft
Dec 2010
working document
Baseline establishment, monitoring, reporting, verification
Financial mechanisms
● Market Access
Coordination
● Governance
Research and education
● Capacity building
Stakeholders engagement
Information knowledge and networking
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
13
National REDD Readiness






20 February 2009
Strategy development
Coordination
Piloting
Capacity building
Awareness and transparency
Research
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
14
NGOs and CSOs
Local-national-international linkages
 Multi-country experiences
 Emphasis on co-benefits






Piloting … CALL FOR PROPOSALS SOON
MARV
Lessons sharing, awareness
Benefit sharing
Knowledge management
Triple wins
under different
Research
conditions
Advocacy
… possible small NGO grants for REDD
20 February 2009
Tanzania Natural Resource Forum
Carbon-Forestry Working Group
15