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HKSAR Government’s Efforts to
Address Climate Change
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Tackling Climate Change
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A global challenge facing
mankind
Calls for global action
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Hong Kong
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission levels:
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Total emissions at some 45 million tonnes CO2
equivalent in 2006
Carbon intensity at 30kg CO2 equivalent per HKD1,000
GDP (2006), 40% reduction from 1990.
Per-capita emissions at approx. 6.6 tonnes CO2
equivalent (down 4% from 1990)
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lower than those of developed economies –
USA (24 tonnes), Australia (28 tonnes), UK (11 tonnes),
EU (11 tonnes), Japan (10 tonnes), and Singapore (9
tonnes)
Emission Sources
Transport
16.1%
Other Energy Uses
(e.g. energy use by
restaurants and
households)
7.2%
Industrial Process
2.0%
Energy Industries
62.5%
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Agriculture
0.1%
Waste
12.1%
Hong Kong’s International Obligations
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol extended by CPG to Hong
Kong in May 2003
“Common but differentiated responsibilities” – a core
principle underpinning UNFCCC
Kyoto Protocol assigned mandatory emission limits to
developed countries (Annex I Parties to UNFCCC) –
combined GHG emissions from them between 2008-2012
should be reduced by at least 5% below the 1990 levels
For non-Annex I Parties such as China (including Hong
Kong), Singapore, South Korea - no requirement to meet
mandatory emission limits under the Kyoto Protocol
Hong Kong’s International Obligations
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Under UNFCCC, Hong Kong is required to:
– Prepare emission inventory of GHG by sources
and sinks
– Formulate, implement and regularly update
programmes on mitigation and adaptation
measures
– Strengthen scientific research and promote
application of technologies
– Promote public awareness and understanding of
climate change and its likely effects
GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong Kong
Constraints & Opportunities
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Hong Kong is already a small emitter
A service economy - no energy intensive
industries
Public mass transport system is very efficient
(90% of daily passenger trips are already made
on public transport system)
Vehicle Ownership Per Thousand Population
Hong Kong vs Other Economies
Hong Kong
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Electricity Consumption Per Capita (kWh)
Per-capita Electricity Consumption
Hong Kong vs Other Developed Economies
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
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GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong Kong
Constraints & Opportunities
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Dominant share of energy sector emissions
suggests the key measures should target at
electricity generation
GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong Kong
Constraints & Opportunities
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Topography and physical
constraints limit the
potential for large-scale
development of
renewable energy,
including off-shore wind
farms
GHG Emissions Reduction in Hong Kong
Constraints & Opportunities
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Scope for Hong Kong to do more
in end-use energy conservation
and efficiency:
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Energy efficiency: better
building design and wider use
of energy efficient appliances
Energy saving: raising public
awareness and education
Electricity consumption
by sector in 2005
Tackling Climate Change
Existing Efforts
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Cleaner fuels for power generation
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Fuel
Fuel Mix in 2006
New coal-fired generation units
banned since 1997
Coal
54%
24%
Maximum use of natural gas
Natural Gas
Nuclear energy &
pumped storage
Oil
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Electricity Generation
A new Scheme of Control Agreement
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Permit higher rate of return for
renewable energy (RE) facilities
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Facilitate access of 3rd party local RE
sources to grids of power companies
22%
negligible
Tackling Climate Change
Existing Efforts
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Promote energy conservation &
efficiency
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Promote use of water-cooled A/C
systems and other energy efficient
installations
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Enhance building efficiency
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Building Energy Codes
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District Cooling System
Tackling Climate Change
Existing Efforts
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Use cleaner and more efficient land
transport
Utilise landfill gas as fuel
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Collect and utilise landfill gas from closed
and operating landfills as fuel substitutes
for on-site use
– Export landfill gas from the Shuen Wan
Landfill and NENT Landfill as fuel for the
Towngas Production Plant in Tai Po
Utilise biogas at sewage treatment works
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Tackling Climate Change
Existing Efforts
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Tree plantation
programme to enhance the
carbon sink
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12 million trees were planted
in the past 5 years
1.2 million trees will be
planted in 2008
Tackling Climate Change
Public Participation
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Promote lifestyle and behavioural
changes in the community
Mobilise community action to
adopt energy saving measures
Continuous public awareness
programmes
Outreaching to schools through
talks, web-based education kits
and joint activities
Tackling Climate Change
Government Taking the Lead
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Reducing electricity consumption
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Cut down electricity consumption of Government
by 6% between 2002/03 to 2006/07
Pledged further in the 2005-06 Policy Address to
reduce 1.5% electricity consumption of all
Government office buildings from January 2006
Energy audits and re-audits conducted in over
200 major Government venues, with follow up
energy savings projects implemented
Tackling Climate Change
Government Taking the Lead
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Promoting energy efficiency & use of
renewable energy
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All new Government buildings and retrofit
projects required to fully comply with
Building Energy Codes
Tackling Climate Change
Government Taking the Lead
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Green initiatives in public housing projects by HD
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PV Panels
– Vertical green panels pilot project at Yau Tong
– Life cycle assessment/Life cycle costing
– Micro-climate studies in housing design
– Participation in HKBEAM assessment
Green roofing by ArchSD
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More than 50 completed green roof projects
– 20 projects for retro-fitting green roof in
existing government buildings in 2007/08
Vegetation cover on government man-made
slopes and noise barriers by CEDD/ HyD
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Tackling Climate Change
Recent new efforts
New Measures since October 2007
 Launch first carbon audit guidelines for buildings and
“Green Hong Kong ‧Carbon Audit” campaign
 Prepare for mandatory compliance with Building Energy
Codes
 Roll out Mandatory Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme
 Promote the use of biodiesel
 Conduct a study on climate change with a view to
enhancing the existing mitigation & adaptation measures
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Tackling Climate Change
International Co-operation
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Endorsed APEC “Sydney
Declaration on Climate Change”
in Sept 07. Pledged to reduce
energy intensity of at least 25%
by 2030 (with 2005 as base
year)
Joined C40 Cities Climate
Leadership Group
The End
Website: www.epd.gov.hk
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