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Ecosystem Services Management on Satoyama for Sustainable Society Masataka Watanabe Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University Institute of Advanced Studies, United Nations University What is Satoyama Food, medicinal plants fodder Seed bed materials Livestock Manure Seed bed N Ash Woodland Cropland Houses (Modified after Inui, 1996) 0 500 m -Mosaic pattern of woodlands, grasslands, crop lands, paddy fields, settlements, irrigated ponds, etc. -Nature maintained by human activities such as periodically tree cutting in coppice woodland and agricultural activities. -Relationships exist between each of the different types of land use, such as the plowing of fallen leaves gathered from a woodland back into the soil as fertilizer, or the use of firewood as fuel in homes. Landscape of SATOYAMA Dairy farming Okuyama Burnt field Secondary Forest Terraced paddy field Bamboo House Production of organic fertilizer and charcoal Dry field Paddy field Cited from Ministry of Environment, Japan Irrigation / drainage system Pond Definition of Satoyama and Satoumi Satoyama and Satoumi can be defined as a dynamic area (zone) that inter-relates people and nature and that is created and maintained through various direct and indirect uses, such as in agriculture, forestry, fishery, tradition, culture, livelihood and environmental conservations. – They constitute an ecosystem mosaic consisting of rural communities and their surrounding various ecosystems , which provide diverse ecosystem services and contribute to the creation of vision towards their conservation, rehabilitation and creation. – Their spatial patterns vary with local natural environments, human values, and social and economical conditions. CO2 Rainfall CO2 village Wood Supply (Food, Wood) Management SATOUMI Food production Supply (Food) SATOYAMA Fishing village Organic fertilizer Soil Marine products CITY Recharge water Purification Water OKUYAMA Secondary Forest :21% of total land Quercus crispula [Mizunara] Betula platyphylla var. japonica [Shirakanba] Quercus serrata [Konara] Quercus serrata [Konara] Major components of Satoyama Coppice Forest of Japanese Red Pine Castanopsis and Oak [Aakamatsu] -Secondary Forest [Shii and Kashi] -Planted Forest -Agricultural Land -Secondary Grassland Area of Satoyama : 43 % of total land (estimated by MOE, Japan, 2002) Ecosystem services provided by Satoyama and Satoumi Provisioning service 1) Fuel supply 2) Fertilizer supply 3) Timber and non-timber products 4) Fishery products 5) Food and feeding stuff Regulating service 1) Climate and water resources/water quality regulation in Satoyama 2) CO2 sequestration 3) Natural disaster regulation 4) Water quality regulation in Satoumi Cultural service Multifunctional and high diversity of ecosystem services Long-term trend for firewood / charcoal production, and shiitake mushroom production in Japan 1942年 69,900 100,000 Fuel and fertilizer revolution in the 1960s 材積(10 3 m3 ) 10,000 1979年 2,116 2000年 776 1,000 年 薪炭林伐採材積 シタケ原木伏込量 2000 1990 1985 1980 1975 1970 1965 1960 1955 1950 1945 1940 1935 1930 1925 100 1995 1998年 264 200 7,000 150 6,000 100 Total arable land Arable land utilizaiton ratio 5,000 50 4,000 Annual expansion of arable land 0 3,000 -50 2,000 農地の拡張面積 農地のかい廃面積 -100 1,000 耕地利用率 Annual conversion of arable land 耕地面積計 -150 Total abandoned arable land in 2005 : 386 (1,000ha) 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 1972 1970 1968 1966 1964 1962 1960 1958 1956 0 耕地面積計 Total arable land (1,000ha) 農地の拡張・かい廃面積 (1,000ha/year) ・ 耕地利用率 Annual expansion and conversion of arable land - Utilization ratio Trend of arable land in Japan (Ministry of Agri. Fishery, Japan,2009) Trend of fishery production, trade, consumption and self-sufficient ratio(Ministry of Agri. Fishery, Japan,2008) 10,000 120 国内消費量 Domestic consumption 自給率 Self Sufficient ratio 100 7,000 生産量 Production 80 6,000 5,000 60 4,000 40 3,000 輸入量 Import 2,000 20 1,000 輸出量 Export 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 1972 1970 1968 1966 0 1964 0 自給率 Self Sufficient Ratio (%) 8,000 1962 生産・ 輸出入量・国内消費消費量 Production・ Inpot-export・ Domestic production(1,000t) 9,000 Fuel and fertilizer revolution in the 1960s Rainfall Globalization CO2 CO2 OKUYAMA Chemical fertilizer SATOYAMA Depopulation Import Export Industrial product Supply Food Woods Supply Urbanization Soil SATOUMI Depopulation Marine products CITY Recharge water Eutrophication Purification Water Economic development and urbanization Satoyama: Solution for Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation Climate Change Globalization Urbanization Scenario for Low Carbon Society BAU Economic Model SD TD Land Use DE Population Industry Policy and Technological Options Agri./Land Use Biodiversity Recycle Energy Sustainable national land use policy Natural environmental conservation policy Biomass utilization policy Agriculture and Forest policy Biodiversity conservation policy Development of renewable energy Sustainable resource management Material recycle Nutrient recycle Food security policy Solution for Climate Change Adaptation? Quality-of-life ●Economical benefit ●Security ●Amenity ●Health Socio-Economic System ECO-SYSTEM SERVICE Human-well being ●Provisioning services ●Regulating services ●Supporting services ●Cultural services Natural System